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History > Test 6/9 > Flashcards

Test 6/9 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Seven states before war, formed the _________ on..

A

South Carolina, Mississippi, Geogia, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Louisiana
formed Confederate States on Feb 4 1861

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2
Q

when was Lincoln’s inauguration?

A

march 4 1861

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3
Q

by lincoln inauguration how many southern forts were left? which was the most important?

A

2; South carolina’s fort sumter, island in Charleston harbor

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4
Q

when did Jefferson Davis declare war

A

fort sumter, April 12

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5
Q

succession after Fort Sumter

A

VA(most populized/industrialized in south)
Arkansas
Tennessee
N. Carolina

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6
Q

southern states who stayed

A

maryland
delaware
missouri
kentucky

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7
Q

Military resources n vs s

A

n had more fighting power, factories, naval ship tonnage

s had little firearms

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8
Q

population n vs s

A

n 21M

s 8M

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9
Q

leadership n vs s

A

n lincoln was patient, good, skillful

s first rate generals (resistance to centralization of gov)

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10
Q

cash crop to fund war

n vs s

A

n iron production

s cotton

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11
Q

motivation n vs s

A

n saw war as struggle to preserve union

s highy motivated to defend homeland

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12
Q

anaconda plan

A
  1. union blockades southern ports so south wont export cotton, import manufactured goods
  2. union riverboats/armies move down Miss. River and split confederacy to avoid transport of goods
  3. union armies capture capital at richmond, VA
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13
Q

souths stradegy

A

survive as nation, defensive

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14
Q

fort sumter outcome

A

south carolinians bombarded; anderson surrendered

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15
Q

bull run

A

july 21
inexperienced union soldiers marched toward richmond, bumped into inexperienced confederates near little creek of Bull Run
in morning union had upper hand, but conf (led by thomas j jackson) held firm
in afternoon, conf reinforcements arrived, won
union retreated to capital

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16
Q

george mcclellan

A

appointee by lincoln to lead union, near washington dc

  • too cautious, after 5 months of training, wanted more men
  • after winter led potomac army to richmond
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17
Q

General Ulysses S Grant

A

led union army to invade western tennesse in feb 1862

-captured fort henry on TN river and Fort Donelson on Cumberland River (takes nashville)

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18
Q

shiloh

A

late march 1862 grant gathered troops near TN church named Shiloh, close to MI river, april 6: conf surprised union, union called reinforcements and counterattacked following day, south retreated

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19
Q

what did battle of shiloh teach

A

generals had to send out scouts, dig trenches, and build fortifications

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20
Q

david G Farragut

A

led 40 ships in Lousiana, assigned to seize new orleans,

-took over Baton Rouge and Natchez on miss river

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21
Q

new type of war machine that helped grant and farrgut in west

A

ironclad ship

  • break wooden ships
  • withstand cannon fire
  • resist burning
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22
Q

ironclad battle

A 
N's Monitor and S's Merrimack fought
unions's merrimack had sunk but south recovered it
merrimack attacked 3 wooden union ships
monitor engaged conf vessel
battle was draw
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23
Q

new weapons

A

rifle- more accurate, quicker to load
minie ball- soft lead bullet was more destructive
-hand grenades and land mines

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24
Q

effect of new weapons

A

more people killed, greater adv on mass infantry attacks

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25
who did mcclellan bump into on his first travel to richmond
conf army by general joseph johnston, who got wounded, so army passed to Robert Lee (seven days battle)
26
robert lee
opposed succession but declined union offer, followed VA,
27
conclusions made from victory at bull run
more training war wont be short/easy long term strategy needed
28
significance of grants control on fort henry and donelson
union controls western entrances to TN rivers from miss. river and ohio r
29
remaining conf forts on Miss river
vicksburg, Miss and port hudson, Louisiana
30
7 days battle
june 25 1862-july 1 | mcclellan tries to take richmond but fails repeatedly and retreats
31
second bull run
lee moved against norths capital -won at bull run crossed potomac into maryland
32
what stroke of luck did mcclellan get
found copy of Lee's army orders, plan revealed lee and jackson were separated atm
33
Antietam, maryland
bloodiest single day sept 17 no clear winner but Lee retreats to south so union claims victory mcclellan fails todestroy lee, is fired in nov
34
emancipation proclamation
jan 1 1863 applied only to areas behind conf lines, outside union control, didnt applyqqa to southern territory controlled by union/ states that hadnt succeeded
35
whats happening in the west during july- december 1862
grant attemots to take vicksburg, miss
36
why wasnt Britain dependent on souther cotton anymore?
britain accumulated its own huge cotton inventory found source of cotton in Egypt and india when their wheat crop failed, northern wheat and corn replaced cotton britian stayed neutral
37
the trent affair
fall of 1861 conf sent James Mason and John Slidell to gain british/French support traveled on Trent ship Charles Wilkes of american warship San Jacinto stopped Trent and arrested two men Britain threatened war and send 8k to canada Lincoln released men
38
emancipation proclamation significance
gave high moral purpose by turning struggle into fight to free slaves free blacks enlisted in army views -stopped england from helping south
39
views on emancipation proc
democrats claimed it would prolong war union soldiers accepted it, had no love for african am. but would support to reunify nation conf. were outraged, more determined to fight
40
haveas corpus
court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail to court to determine why they're being jailed (lincoln suspended these to deal with dessent)
41
copperheads
northern democrats who advocated peace with south | many arrested
42
most famous copperhead
congressmen clement vallandigham was convicted by military court for urging union soldiers to desert and advocated an armistice(stop war)
43
what did jefferson davis do after lincolns suspension of civil liberties
in 1862 he also suspended habeas corpus in confederacy
44
long term effects of suspension of harb. corpus effect on lincoln
in future presidents use war as reason to expand powers of the executive branch supreme court saw it unconstitutional and hurt his political image
45
conscription
draft that forced population to serve in army | confederacy passed in 1862, union followed in 1863
46
draft laws in conf and union
conf drafted all able-bodied white men from ages 18-35 90% of eligible men rich bought in subs if owner had more than 20 slaves they were exempted Union drafted white men from 20-45 for 3 years subs accepted
47
riot in NYC
poor white workers (irish immigrants) saw it unfair to fight war to free slaves feared blacks would compete for their jobs mobs burned draft offices, union troops stepped in to stop
48
african american soldiers
suffered discrimination served in seperate regiments earned $10& no clothing allowance, whites $13 death rate higher
49
fort pillow, TN
1864 massacre; conf killed 200 african a prisoners n some whites
50
what did fearful southerners do concerning slave resistance and possible slave uprising
tightened slave patrol spread bad rumors about union troops behavior to runaways slave resist. weakened plantation system
51
civil war economic effects
south- inflation, new fed tax north- expanded, armys need for uniforms, guns supported industries but wages didnt keep up w prices, standard of living declined sale of reaper
52
why did south face food shortage
1. drain of manpower into army 2. union occupation of food growing areas 3. loss of slaves
53
union blockade impact
confederates smuggled cotton into north in exchnaged for food, gold, etc
54
how did congress decide to pay for war
enacted tax law that authorized nations first income tax, takes percentage of workers income
55
uS sanitary commission
1. improve hygienic conditions of army camps | 2. recruit/train nurses
56
clara barton
union nurse cared for injured at front lines
57
worst conf prison
in Andersonville, GA
58
chancellorsville, VA
union try attacking richmond but its south victory
59
gettysburg, PA
union was on Cemetary Ridge, high ground south of gettysburg (seige) goals: conf force union to leave vicksburg to defend PA, win and negotiate for peace after battle, lee gave up on invading north and retreated
60
gettysburg seige
``` union wanted to defeat last conf stronghold on miss riv to control supply lines/transportation conf surrender union controls miss riv traffic conf cut in two ```
61
gettysburg address
"remade america"
62
william tecumseh sherman n grant
believed in total war plan was: immoblize lee in VA while sherman raded GA battle after battles
63
fredericksburg, va
union defeated by conf lee in another failed attempt to capture richmond
64
conf surrender
april 9 1865 Appomattox court house in va
65
national bank act of 1863
set up system of federally chartered banks
66
13th amendment
abolished slavery
67
red cross
founded by clara barton
68
john wilkes booth
lincolns assasin
69
chattanooga, tn
union controlled key railroad in tn and river transp; set to invade GA union victory
70
election 1864
abraham - demo mcclellan - rep john fremont - radical republican lincoln wins after GA take over, fremont drops out
71
long term legacies of war
increase in fed gov power expanded role of fed gov in aiding big business rise of large scale agriculture

History (6 decks)

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