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Test 3/16 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the overall theme of these four Supreme Court decisions?

A

The US Supreme Court in the early 1800s consistently supported national power over state power
Nationalism over sectionalism

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1
Q

Gibbons vs Ogden

A

Ogdens exclusive license to run steamboat service between NY and NJ was not legal bc..
-state govs do not have power to regulate Interstate commerce, only fed gov has

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2
Q

The Steamboat Case

A

Aaron Ogden got a license from NY state to run a NY-NJ steamboat service on The Hudson river
Thomas gibbons starting a competing NY-NJ steamboat line
Ogden sued in NY state court, saying he had an EXCLUSIVE license from the State to operate his steamboat line, he won

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3
Q

McCulloch vs Maryland

A

In Chief Justice John Marshalls decision he ruled
-bank of the US is constitutional since it was created by the national government (Congress) states cannot destroy it because…
National gov laws (fed laws) are supreme over state laws

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4
Q

Dartmouth vs woodward

A

New Hampshire could not force a

  • revision of the existing dartmouth college charter
  • A charter is a contract and states cannot interfere with contracts
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5
Q

Fletcher vs Peck

A

US supreme court nullified a georgia law that infringed on the contract rights of land owners because..
-it is unconstitutional for states to interfere with contracts

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6
Q

Samuel Slater

A

Built a mill (textile factory) in rhode island (first in america to spin wool or cotton into thread 1793

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7
Q

Eli whitney

A

Demonstrated first musket made of interchangeable parts, parts that are exactly alike. Made musket by hand
-first steps toward developing tools w which unskilled workers could make uniform parts

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8
Q

Where were most goods, clothes, etc made before the industrial evolution

A

At home, small shops

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9
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Social and economic re-organization that took place as machines replaced handtools and large scale factory production developed

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10
Q

I.R Britain 1700s

A

Inventors found ways to generate power using swiftly flowing streams and large supplies of coal
-then developed power driven machinery to use to quickly mass produce goods such as textiles
When factories succeeded owners built more

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11
Q

Who first built factories

A

British merchants

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12
Q

What was the primary source of income in America after war of independence

A

International trade not manufactoring

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13
Q

Farms and plantations produced ___ such as ___ & ___ which were_____

A

Produced agricultural products such as grain and tobacco which were shipped to britain, southern europe, and west indies

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14
Q

What events turned the attention of Americans toward the development of domestic industries

A

Jeffersons embargo: prohibited americans from shipping good to europe & stopped foreign trade

War of 1812: the british navy blockaded much of coastline w shios unable to get into or out of us harbors, americans had to invest capital in stuff other than overseas shipping

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15
Q

What was the problem with Samuel Slater’s textile factory

A

It only mass produced thread

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16
Q

Machines used in early textile factories

A

Spinning Jenny spun cotton or wool into thread.

Power loom wove thread into cloth

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17
Q

First weaving factory

What could machines do?!

A

1813 three bostonians; francis cabot lowell, nathan appleton, and patrick tracy johnson in massschusetts
machines spun thread and weaves cloth

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18
Q

By late 1820s what town became booming manufacturing center

A

Lowell

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19
Q

Why did young women come to Lowell Town?

A

Their families farms were in decline- journeyed there in search of work

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20
Q

Northeasterners invested in

A

Factories and manufacturing operations

cash crops did not grow well in the northern soil and climate

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21
Q

How had southerners made profits by the mid 1790s that distinguished them from the north

A

Had begun to make huge profits from cotton, didn’t want to industrialize

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22
Q

Agriculture in the north

A

didn’t eliminated agriculture however growth of cities encourage farmers to have smaller farms to grow little labor required crops

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23
Q

States in northwest

A

Ohio River Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin and Michigan

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24
Northwest economy after war of 1812
Raise crops and livestock then sold at markets
25
Where was there least demand for slavery
Northeast has smaller than northwest bc crops as corn didnt need lots of work By late 1700s slavery in north was dying
26
What did eli whitney invent
Cotton gin- in 1793 helped set south on diff course from north -made it possible for southern farmers to grow short staple cotton since it was easy to grow but hard to clean (gin took seeds out fast)
27
Where did poor non slave holders farmers claim land with the cotton gin
Area between Appalachians and the Mississippi south of Ohio to begin cultivating this cash crop
28
Cotton Kingdom
Louisiana Mississippi and Alabama 1820
29
What expanded slavery
The Cottongin since it was in more of a demand from Britain and the north
30
What happened to the price of cotton after the cotton gin
The price went down because there was more of it
31
The American system
By Pres. Madison in 1815 to congress -develop transportation system (roads/canal) to speed movement of goods and people from one region to another -hi tariffs on imported manufactured goods to encourage people to buy American goods and to help pay for transportation -create second national Bank to provide loans to businesses and provide a current that would be excepted throughout the country House Speaker Henry Clay promoted it
32
What were the two methods used in 1790 by Eli Whitney to improve production in a musket factory
Interchangeable parts and division of labor
33
Examples of goods that might be mass produced in factories in the 1800s
Furniture Hammer axes plows hoes etc.
34
Northeast economy
Produced manufactured goods | Begins to be dominated by factory based manufacturing
35
South economy
Produced grain, meat and cotton for the north | Became dependent on slavery based production of cotton
36
What potential problems might merge with the development of these three different economies
The national unity of the country would break
37
Purpose of American system
Unify the nation and make independent of Europe
38
Parts of American system made by federal gov
National Road in 1811 , by 1838 the new Road extended from Maryland to Illinois - 1816 Second bank of United States is given a charter by Congress to operate for 20 years - tarriff of 1816's passed by Congress
39
States and private actions that supported goals of American system
Building of turnpikes Erie canal completed by 1825. NY funded link lake Erie to Hudson river therefore ultimately linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic ocean via the Hudson river and New York Harbor -3000 miles of other canals built by 1837
40
Why were there tariffs on imports
British goods were sold far below the cost of Americans merchandise
41
How did regions feel about Tarriff
Northeastern were happy but south and west we're not because they did not depend on manufacturing
42
Who was elected the president in 1816
James Monroe of Virginia
43
How was Monroe welcomed in new England
Happily, declared Americans entered an era of good feelings
44
What is nationalism
Belief that national interest should be placed ahead of regional concerns or interest or other countries
45
What was so significant about the 1807 cruise of the Claremont from New York City to Albany
A successful steam engine cruised miles up the Hudson river marking the beginning of the Steamboat era
46
What did the steamboat do for the next 20 years
Helped unite the economic life of the north and south, grew national spirit
47
1817 rush ballot treaty
Reduce the Great Lakes fleet of both countries to only a few military vessels and lead US and Canada to demilitarized their common border
48
Convention of 1818
Fixed US border at 49th parallel up to Rocky Mts, reached compromise to jointly occupy oregon territory, west of rockies for ten years
49
Adams onis treaty
1819 Spain ceded Florida to US and gave up claims to Oregon territory
50
What was happening in Latin America during the early 1800s
Latin america had independence
51
What did the US fear Europe might do in latin America
Feared Europe would gain economic control of Latin nations and reclaim former colonies
52
What specific threats did russia pose to US in North America
Russians in Alaska were establishing trading posts in California; posed threat to American trade with China
53
What interests did some Americans have in territories in latin America and the Caribbean
Interesting in acquiring Mexico and the Spanish colony of Cuba
54
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe warned not interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere, not create any new colonies or overthrow the newly independent republics in the hemisphere -US would not involve in European affairs or interfere with existing colonies in western hemisphere
55
What was the most important reason for Americans to move west
They went in search of economic gain-For land wasn't only plentiful but cheap
56
By 1818 how many slave and free states were there
11 each
57
Why did Southerners care about the balance between free and slave states
want to keep power in the Senate since they lost power in the House of Representatives and he wanted to prevent any attempt to end slavery
58
Missouri Compromise
Maine became free state and missouri a slave state keep balance in senate, the rest of louisiana territory was split into two spheres of interest, one for slaveholders and one for free settlers,
59
What caused america to turn in direction of domestic industries
Thomas Jefferson's embargo act of 1807 and the war of 1812

History (6 decks)

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