Finals Flashcards
Concerned with muscular maturation and the accompanying ability to hold on or let go.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
A turning point
Moments of decision between progress and regression, integration and retardation
crisis
social stimulant and nervous system depressant
alcohol
Development of a strong sense of basic trust implies not only that one has learned to rely on the sameness and continuity of outer providers, but also that one may trust oneself and the capacities of one’s own organs to cope with urges.
Mothers who trust their ability to care for their babies and trust in the healthy development of their children are able to communicate to the infant the sense of trust in the self and in the world.
Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust
virtue learned in initiative vs guilt
purpose
The enduring belief in the attainability of fervent wishes, inspite of the dark urges and rages which mark the beginning of existence.
Hope
a parental model that supports self-observation, self-guidance, and also self-punishment.
conscience
The beginning of an entrance into life outside the family.
Stage of systematic instruction
The child needs to do well and develops a sense of work completion and satisfaction in a job well done.
Otherwise, the child develops a sense of inferiority and inequality.
When a child feel inadequate in comparison with their peers in achievements, skills, and abilities they develop a sense of inferiority.
Successful children in contrast, emerge with a feeling of competence and pleasure in their work –a sense of industry.
Industry vs Inferiority
virtue learned in industry vs inferiority
competence
As childhood ends, adolescents begin to integrate their past experiences into a new whole.
They question role models and identifications of the past and try out new roles.
A new sense of identity is develop.
The difficult transition between childhood and adulthood can be strongly affected by social limitations and possibilities.
The adolescent is likely to suffer from some confusion of roles.
Doubts about sexual attractiveness and sexual identity are common at this stage.
Identity vs Identity confusion
from a type of cactus
mescaline
virtue learned in Basic Trust vs Basic Mistrust
hope
Developmental tasks during the life span according to Havighurst
Achieving a new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
Achieving a masculine or feminine social roles
Accepting one’s physique and using one’s body effectively
Desiring, accepting, and achieving socially responsible behavior
Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults
Preparing for economic career
Preparing for marriage and family life
Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior-developing an ideology
Children are becoming more independent
Begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing, etc.
Explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity based upon the outcome of their explorations
Identity vs Identity confusion
Inability to develop a sense of identification with an individual or cultural role model that gives direction to one’s life can lead to a period of floundering and insecurity.
Identity vs Identity Confusion
Signs of Despair
Easily discouraged or frustrated
Has difficulty accepting status/lifestyle
Sees little in life to be thankful for
Expresses feelings of hopelessness
Focuses on unresolved problems in the past
Emphasizes failures more than successes
Feels they have nothing to offer others
Pessimistic about everyday life events
Unwilling to take control of own activities
Obsessive fear of death
increase central nervous system activity
stimulants
The free exercise of dexterity and intelligence in the completion of tasks, unimpaired by the infantile inferiority
competence
Psychosocial Psychology
Erik Erikson
virute learned in intimacy vs isolation
love
Begins with a single fertilized cell that initiates a process of division and differentiation.
Each organ system of the body has its own time of special growth and development.
The strengths and capacities developed at each stage are related to the entire personality and can be affected by development at any point of one’s life.
Erikson stresses that each stage is systematically related to all the others and must develop in a given sequence.
Each stage has a crisis in which the strengths and skills that form the essential elements of that stage was developed and tested.
Epigenetic Model of Human Development
People who lack a sense of personal identity have a harder time establishing close relationships.
Sometimes they seek isolation
Intimacy vs Isolation
Mutuality of devotion forever subduing the antagonisms inherent in divided function.
love
The child experiences mobility and inquisitiveness, an expanding sense of mastery and responsibility.
Language and imagination develop.
The sense of mastery is tempted by feelings of guilt.
The child develops conscience
At this stage, the child can do more than before and must learn to set limits.
Initiative vs Guilt
