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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

eldest

A

Receives a good deal of attention

Typically somewhat spoiled

Tends to be dependable

Hard working

Strives to keep ahead

When a new sibling arrives, she finds herself ousted from her favored position.

She is no longer unique or special

Readily believed that the newcomer will rob her of the love to which she is accustomed.

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2
Q

hostility becomes generalized so that it is aimed at almost anything or anybody.

A

free-floating anger

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3
Q

Moral arm of personality.

Develops from the internalized patterns of reward and punishment that a young child experiences.

MORALITY PRINCIPLE

A

Superego

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4
Q

An enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way a person interacts with the world.

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.

Bring continuity to an individual in different situations and at different times.

A

Personality

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4
Q

Personality is derived from

A

ancient Latin word “persona” and the medieval Latin word “personalitas” meaning mask

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5
Q

Power of unconscious mind

Role and lasting influence of infant and early childhood experiences

A

Psychodynamic theory

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7
Q

Emphasis is on research

Experiments in memory, thinking, and information processing

A

Cognitive theory

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8
Q

are stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions.

A

traits

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9
Q

impulses toward self-destruction/destruction of other less threatening objects.

A

Displaced aggression

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10
Q

Portray personality as fixed and static, rather than dynamic and changing process

A

trait theories

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11
Q

the technique of encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

A

Free association

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12
Q

A person justifies behavior or thought that may otherwise be anxiety-provoking.

It is a process whereby a person presents an explanation that is either logically consistent with or ethically acceptable for an attitude, action, idea or feeling that arises from other motivating sources.

A

Rationalization

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13
Q

techniques used by freud

A

free association

dream analysis

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14
Q

the psychotherapeutic technique used to interpret a client’s dreams.

A

dream analysis

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14
Q

Psychoanalysis, the theory illustrates that the personality consists of three interacting forces:

A

id
ego
superego

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14
Q

Original core out of which the rest of the personality emerges.

Pure, natural, instinctual energy and exists completely on the unconscious level.

Demands immediate satisfaction

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

A

ID

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15
Q

goal of id

A

to reduce tension, to increase pleasure and to minimize discomfort

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16
Q

the id strives to do this by

A

Reflex action by responding automatically to a source

wish fulfillment

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17
Q

Goes through the process of reality testing to find appropriate objects.

Operates in both the conscious and the unconscious level.

REALITY PRINCIPLE

A

Ego

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20
Q

One chooses to go into physical flight or rakes cover by going into a “shell” of psychological defenses.

A

Withdrawal Reaction

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21
Q

Personality determinants

A

heredity
environment
situation

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25
Q

The most extreme form of anxiety human beings experience is when they are separated from their mother at birth.

A

birth trauma

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26
Q

three kinds of anxiety

A

reality
neurotic
moral

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27
Q

General Theories of Personality

A

Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Trait
Cognitive

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27
Functions of superego
conscience self-observation formation of ideas
28
general ways to deal with anxiety
Deal with the situation directly Resolve problems, overcome obstacle, either confront or run from threats, or come to terms with the problems to minimize impact.
29
Caused by real, objective sources of danger in the environment.
reality anxiety
30
youngest
Second worse position after the first born Usually spoiled Can never be independent Easily loses courage to succeed by his own effort Always ambitious Laziness is a sign of ambition joined with discouragement
31
is Freud’s therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s thought.
psychoanalysis
31
Fear that the impulses of the id will overwhelm the ego & cause the person to do something for which the person will be punished.
neurotic anxiety
33
goal of psyche
Maintain or regain an acceptable level of dynamic equilibrium that maximizes pleasure and minimizes tension
35
are invented by the Ego in attempt to resolve the conflict between Id and superego – so that personality can operate in a healthy manner. It denies/distorts reality while operating in an unconscious level. If it is used once in a while, the purpose of using it is to reduce. But if it is used frequently, it means the individual is trying to avoid facing reality
Defense mechanisms
36
Similarities of Ego and Defense mechanisms
unconscious | falsify or distort reality
36
ego prevents anxiety-provoking thoughts from being entertained in the conscious level. Thoughts may either be those innately part of the id, primal repression, memories of painful experiences from one’s lifetime, or repression proper. Repressed element is still part of the psyche, although unconscious, and still remains active.
Repression
37
A condition where a person concentrates exclusively in developing his or her own superiority while ignoring the needs of others and of society. A person with superiority complex tends to be domineering, vain, boastful, arrogant, and insulting to others.
Superiority complex
38
Emphasize the present, subjective reality; what a person believe is important now and how he think of himself in relation to others. Personality is driven by needs to adapt, learn, grow, and excel.
Humanistic theory
39
Forms of displaced aggression
scapegoating free-floating anger suicide
40
an attempt to get away from a frustrating situation. This may take in the form of frequent change of residence, jobs or even with marital partners.
Nomadism
41
Fear that a person will do something contrary to the superego and thus experience guilt.
moral anxiety
42
anger is directed against a person or an object other than the original source of frustration.
scapegoating
43
All individuals have a biological heritage and an array of past experiences, but it is the creative self acting upon these variables and interpreting them that will determine the person’s personality. It is the individual’s attitude towards life which determines his relationship with the outside world.
Creative self
44
A condition where a person becomes overwhelmed by feelings of inferiority and he is prevented from accomplishing anything, the feelings of inferiority acts as a barrier for positive accomplishment
Inferiority Complex
45
One of the factors that affect personality. Individuals acquire a certain style of relating to others in childhood and form a definite picture of themselves that they carry into their adult interactions.
Order of birth and personality
46
Anger is directed towards oneself.
suicide
47
only child
Never dethroned by another sibling Experiences shock when he learns that he cannot remain the center of attention Often very sweet and affectionate
48
Displacement results in something beneficial to civilization. Produces a higher cultural achievement
Sublimation
49
Tendency to increase personal feelings of worth by taking on the characteristics of someone viewed as successful, or to reduce tension by modeling one’s behavior after that someone else.
Identification
50
The ego rejects realities that are too anxiety-provoking and stores them in the unconscious.
denial or reality denial
50
A mechanism by which something that is true of the person and which would caused anxiety if it were recognized, is repressed and seen in someone else instead.
Projection
51
An object is found that yields some relief for pent-up tension.
Displacement
51
was used by Adler to stress his belief that each person is an integrated whole, striving to attain future goals and attempting to find meaning in life while working harmoniously with others.
Individual Psychology
53
A mechanism by which objectionable thoughts are repressed by expression of their opposite goals. It masks parts of the personality and restricts a person’s capacity to respond to events. sweet lemon sour grape
Reaction Formation
54
A mechanism in which a person returns to an earlier stage of development when he or she experiences stress. A way of alleviating anxiety by withdrawing from realistic thinking into behaviors that have, in earlier years, reduced anxiety.
Regression
57
Psychosexual Stages of Development
``` Oral Anal Phallic Latency Gential ```
58
A person attempts to disguise the presence of a weak or undesirable trait by emphasizing a desirable one to reduce a feeling of inferiority.
Compensation
58
Feeling of being weak, inferior and impotent that stimulates a person to seek power
Feelings of inferiority
59
People are more vulnerable to disease in organs that are less developed on “inferior” than other organs. Inhibit the person from functioning normally and therefore must be dealt with in some way.
Organ Inferiority
60
To become more powerful meant to become more masculine and less feminine.
masculine protest
61
Withdrawal Reaction
Fantasy/Daydreaming | Nomadism
61
A fundamental fact of life. An innate need; “built in” in all human beings at birth. Master motive which leads people in the pursuit of a superior/perfect society.
Striving for Superiority
62
The means by which an individual attempts to gain superiority. Lifestyle determines which aspects of life are focused on and how it gives a person individual identity. Specifies a person’s future goals and how they are be attained.
Style of life
62
The fictional future goal which a person aspires.
fictional finalism
63
a temporary escape from the hardships of real life into a world of make believe where dreams can come true.
Fantasy/Daydreaming
63
middle child
Often feels squeezed out May become convinced of the unfairness of life and feel cheated Can assume a “poor me” attitude Can become a problem child In families characterized by conflicts, the child becomes the peacemaker
64
second child
Shares the attention with another child Extremely ambitious The most fortunate Believes that if someone is a step or two in front, he has to rush to get ahead Often the opposite of the first born

Psychology (8 decks)

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