FINALS CHAPTER 11: CELL CYCLE Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?
Interphase and M phase
What happens in interphase? What percent of a cell’s time is spent here?
Cell prepares to divide
90%
What are the stages of cell division in order?
G1
S phase
G2
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
G0
What stages of cell division are included in interpase?
G1
S phase
G2
What stages of cell division are included in m phase?
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Is G0 phase in interphase or m phase?
Technically interphase, but it is outside of the cell cycle and cells here are not preparing to divide
What happens in G1 phase?
Cell grows
What does S phase stand for?
Synthesis phase
What happens in S phase?
Cell’s DNA replicates
What happens in G2 phase?
Cell prepares for mitosis
What is the goal of mitosis (what happpens)?
The cell’s nucleus and chromosomes divide
What stages are included in mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens in prophase? (3)
Nucleus disappears
Chromosomes condense and become visible
Spindle fibers form
What happens in metaphase? (2)
Chromosomes line up single file down the middle of the cell
Spindles attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes
What happens in anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart and moved to opposite side of the cell by the spindles
What happens in telophase? (4)
Nucleus reforms (1 on each side of the cell)
Spindle fibers begin to disappear
Chromosomes begin to no longer be visible
Cell begins to pinch
What happens in cytokinesis in animals? (2)
Cytoplasm divides
Cell membrane pinches, causing a cleavage until fully separated, forming two identical daughter cells
What happens in cytokinesis in plants? (2)
Cytoplasm divides
Cell plate forms down the middle of the cell and turns into a new cell wall, splitting the cell into two identical daughter cells
Why is cytokinesis different in plants than in animals?
The cell wall is two rigid to pinch inwards like the membrane of an animal cell
What happens in G0 phase?
Cells that cannot divide wait to be fixed
Do all cells leave the G0 phase?
No; some are created at birth and stay permanently
What happens if cells that can’t leave the G0 phase get damaged? Example?
They can’t be replaced, so they can cause permanent damage
Example: brain/spine injuries could break neurons, causing paralysis
