Finals-Chapter 2

Question 1

Mass

Answer 1

amount of matter in an object

Question 2

Weight

Answer 2

measure of the force of gravity acting upon an object

Question 3

What is the difference between mass and weight

Answer 3

Mass always stays the same, weight can change depending on the force of gravity

Question 4

Matter

Answer 4

must take up space and have mass

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

a pure substance that consists of only one atom. Simplest kind of matter that can exist under ordinary laboratory conditions.

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Question 7

Compounds

Answer 7

two or more different elements chemically combined in a definite ratio by mass

Question 8

Properties of elements that make up a compound VS the compound itself

Answer 8

The properties of the elements which make up a compound differ from the properties of the compound itself

Question 9

Chemical formula

Answer 9

a shorthand way of representing the events of a chemical reaction

Question 10

Chemical bonds

Answer 10

hold the atoms of a compound together

Question 11

Ionic bonds

Answer 11

involve the transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 12

Covalent bonds

Answer 12

involve sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 13

Van der Waals forces

Answer 13

weak forces of attraction that can hold molecules together

Question 14

Intermolecular forces of attraction

Answer 14

the forces that bind atoms within a molecule

Question 15

Molecule and what holds it together

Answer 15

a group of atoms held together by a covalent bond

Question 16

Chemical reaction

Answer 16

the process that changes, or transforms one set of compounds into another.

Question 17

Water

Answer 17

a polar molecule, and the most abundant substance on earth. Found in all living things.

Question 18

polar molecule

Answer 18

has regions of positive and negative charge

Question 19

Cohesion

Answer 19

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 20

What does cohesion cause in water

Answer 20

Causes water to have surface tension and resist tears

Question 21

Adhesion

Answer 21

attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 22

What does adhesion contribute to

Answer 22

It contributes to capillary action

Question 23

Capilary action

Answer 23

the ability of liquid to travel up narrow tubes against gravity due to surface tension

Question 24

Mixtures

Answer 24

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined

Question 25

Solution

Answer 25

a homogeneous mixture where all parts are distributed evenly.

Question 26

Solvent

Answer 26

does the dissolving

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

part that gets dissolved

Question 28

Suspensions

Answer 28

mixtures of water and nondisolved materials

Question 29

Acidic

Answer 29

has a value less than 7 on the PH scale

Question 30

Basic

Answer 30

has a value greater than 7 on the PH scale

Question 31

Buffers

Answer 31

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in PH level

Question 31

Pure water

Answer 31

is neutral, and is not a solution because nothing is dissolved in it

Question 32

Carbon

Answer 32

can bond with up to 4 other atoms, and can form many different structures. Is the basis for all biologically important molecules.

Question 33

Hydrolysis

Answer 33

when water breaks a chemical bond

Question 33

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 33

when a molecule of water is lost so that other substances can be combined

Question 34

Atom

Answer 34

basic unit of matter

Question 35

Electron

Answer 35

negatively charged particle, much smaller than a proton

Question 36

Carbohydrates

Answer 36

made of C, H and O. Used as energy storage molecules and structural molecules.

Question 37

Monomer

Answer 37

A molecule that can react with other monomers to form polymers

Question 38

Polymer

Answer 38

a large chain formed by bonding together many monomers

Question 39

Cellulose

Answer 39

a polysaccharide that makes up the CWs of plants

Question 40

Lipids

Answer 40

Are used as energy storage molecules, and for cell membranes.

Question 41

What are some examples of lipids

Answer 41

Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Question 42

Saturated

Answer 42

full of hydrogen

Question 43

Unsaturated

Answer 43

one or more double bonds, so they are not fully hydrogen

Question 44

what are Nucleic acids made of

Answer 44

Made of a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base

Question 45

What Nucleic acids are found in DNA

Answer 45

adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

Question 46

What Nucleic acids are found in RNA

Answer 46

adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 47

Compare DNA and RNA

Answer 47

DNA's 5-C sugar is deoxyribose. RNA's is ribose DNA is double stranded. RNA is single stranded. DNA had T, RNA has U

Question 48

Proteins What do they act as? What do they Give? What do they Store? what are they Part of?

Answer 48

Act as enzymes, give structural support, store nutrients, and are part of cell membranes and hormones

Question 49

What is the monomer of proteins

Answer 49

Monomer is an amino acid

Question 50

How many different types of amino acids are there

Answer 50

There are 20 different types of amino acids

Question 51

Functional group

Answer 51

makes each amino acid different

Question 52

Primary level

Answer 52

corresponds to the order of the amino acids in the protein chain

Question 53

Secondary level

Answer 53

corresponds to the twisting or folding of amino acids in the chain at repeated intervals

Question 54

Endothermic reactions

Answer 54

absorb energy from the environment in order to occur

Question 54

Quaretary level

Answer 54

corresponds to the interactions of up to four separate protein chains to make a functional protein

Question 54

Teritary level

Answer 54

corresponds to the folding of the protein chain itself

Question 55

Exothermic reactions

Answer 55

release energy to the environment as they occur

Question 56

Activation energy

Answer 56

the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin

Question 57

Enzymes

Answer 57

lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

Question 58

Protein catalysts

Answer 58

substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 59

Enzymes are _______ catalysts

Answer 59

Enzymes are protein catalysts

Question 60

What are protein catalysts specific to

Answer 60

They are specific for the regions that they catalyze