Finals-Chapter 9

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

The ability to do work

Question 2

Where do organisms get energy from?

Answer 2

Food

Question 3

Autotrophs

Answer 3

Organisms able to synthesize their own food using raw materials in their environment.

Question 4

Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Organisms not able to synthesize their own food using raw materials in their environment.

Question 5

Where is the energy that is useful for us?

Answer 5

It is stored in the chemical bonds of the food we eat.

Question 6

What happens when the chemical bonds of the food we eat are broken?

Answer 6

ATP is produced.

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

The energy storage molecule of the cell

Question 8

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 8

Adenine triphosphate

Question 9

What is ATP good at?

Answer 9

Transferring energy

Question 10

What is ATP not so good at?

Answer 10

Storing energy

Question 11

What is ATP made of

Answer 11

Adenine, a ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

Question 12

How does ATP become ADP

Answer 12

It looses a phosphate.

Question 13

How is energy transferred around the cell using ADP and ATP

Answer 13

Phosphate groups can be removed or added to these molecules as needed by the cell.

Question 14

Photosynthesis

Answer 14

The process by which organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Question 15

What is the photosynthesis equation

Answer 15

6 CO2 + 6 H2O –> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

The photosynthetic pigment of green plants

Question 17

Where is chlorophyll found

Answer 17

In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

Question 18

What can each type of chlorophyl absorb

Answer 18

Each type of chlorophyll can absorb a different wavelength of light

Question 19

Where do light-dependent reactions occur?

Answer 19

The thylakoid membrane.

Question 20

What systems are involved in light dependent reactions?

Answer 20

Photosystems 1 and 2

Question 21

What materials need to enter the chloroplast for light dependent reactions to take place?

Answer 21

Light and water

Question 22

What is released during light dependent reactions?

Answer 22

Oxygen

Question 23

What moves from light dependent reactions to the Calvin cycle

Answer 23

ATP and NADPH

Question 24

Where do light independent reactions occur?

Answer 24

The stoma

Question 25

What needs to enter the chloroplasts for light independent reactions to occur?

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide

Question 26

What do light independent reactions produce

Answer 26

Sugars

Question 27

What moves from the light independent reactions to the light dependent reactions?

Answer 27

NADP+, ADP, and P

Question 28

what is NADP+

Answer 28

An electron acceptor molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules

Question 29

Photosystem 1

Answer 29

Light is absorbed by the electrons in chlorophyll or other pigments. Energy is then passed from molecule to molecule until it reaches NADP+. NADP+ is then converted into NADPH.

Question 30

Photosystem II

Answer 30

Light is absorbed by the electrons in chlorophyll. Energy is passed from molecule to molecule until it reaches the electron transport chain. The electrons are then transferred to photosystem I.

Question 31

ATP synthesis

Answer 31

The movement of H+ ions to the inside of the thylakoid membrane creates a difference in charge across the membrane, which provides the energy to make ATP. The H+ ions cross the membrane by passing through a protein called ATP synthase. As H+ ions pass through, the protein rotates, binding ADP and a phosphate group together to make ATP.

Question 32

Why do light independent reactions take place.

Answer 32

The ATP and NADPH formed by the light-dependent reactions can only store their energy for a short amount of time. In the Calvin cycle, the energy stored in these molecules is used to build high energy compounds that can be stored for a long time.

Question 33

What is required to produce each molecule of glucose that is made during the light-independent reactions.

Answer 33

6 Carbon dioxide molecules from the air.

Question 34

Calvin cycle

Answer 34

The 6 carbon dioxide molecules combine with six 5-c molecules to produce 12 3-c molecules. These are then converted into higher-energy forms using the ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions. Some of these 3-c molecules are converted into 6-c sugars and the rest go back to the beginning of the cycle.

Question 35

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 35

Light intensity Temperature Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 36

What are the 2 membranes of a chloroplast

Answer 36

Outer and inner

Question 37

stroma

Answer 37

The fluid within a chloroplast

Question 38

Thylakoid

Answer 38

Discs inside the chloroplast

Question 39

Granum

Answer 39

Stacks of thylakoid

Question 40

Electron carrier molecule

Answer 40

transports electrons from one molecule to another

Question 41

In which photosystem is ATP made

Answer 41

Photosystem I

Question 42

Where does the calvin cycle take place?

Answer 42

The stroma

Question 43

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 43

The cytoplasm

Question 44

Prep step

Answer 44

pyruvic acid goes from a 3 carbon molecule to a 2 carbon molecule, and co a helps bring the 2 carbon in

Question 45

Where does the Krebbs cycle take place

Answer 45

mitochondrial matrix

Question 46

What are the 2 electron carrier molecules

Answer 46

NAD+ and FAD

Question 47

Where does most of the ATP produced in photosynthesis come from

Answer 47

Most ATP is from the ET chain

Question 48

Does either fermentation pathway make ATP directly

Answer 48

Neither fermentation pathway makes ATP directly