Plant Structure and Function

Question 1

Tissue systems definition

Answer 1

Involve roots, stems, and leaves, which are organs. Each of these organs has Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue.

Question 2

Dermal tissue

Answer 2

Covers and protects the plant

Question 3

Vascular tissue

Answer 3

Supports the plant, and transports water and nutrients.

Question 4

Ground tissue

Answer 4

Produces and stores food products. Helps with the physical support of the plant.

Question 5

Epidermis definition

Answer 5

Single layer of cells in some plants. Is dermal tissue. In other plants, may have multiple layers and be covered with bark.

Question 6

Cuticle

Answer 6

waxy coating on the surface of the epidermis

Question 7

what does dermal tissue in roots include

Answer 7

root hair cells

Question 8

Root hair cells

Answer 8

Increase surface area of roots so that more water can be absorbed

Question 9

What is vascular tissue made up of

Answer 9

xylem and phloem

Question 10

Xylem

Answer 10

Contains vessel elements and transports water.

Question 11

What happens when xylem dies. What does this allow for.

Answer 11

The cell walls at both ends of the vessel elements are left with slitlike openings. This allows water to move more easily.

Question 12

What is left when tracheids die. What does said thing contain, and what does what said thing contains do.

Answer 12

Only the cell walls. The cell walls contain lignin. Lignin is water resistant and helps give wood its strength.

Question 13

What do the pits of tracheids do.

Answer 13

Help water diffuse into the surrounding area.

Question 14

Phloem

Answer 14

Have sieve tube elements and transport nutrients and carbohydrates.

Question 15

What is phloem like at maturity.

Answer 15

At maturity, phloem will have lost its nuclei and most of its organelles.

Question 16

How is phloem arranged and what does this form?

Answer 16

Phloem is arranged end to end forming sieve tubes.

Question 17

What are the ends of sieve tubes like, and why?

Answer 17

The ends of the sieve tubes are perforated, allowing nutrient to move from cell to cell.

Question 18

What are companion cells (in phloem)

Answer 18

At maturity they keep their nuclei and other organelles. They surround sieve tube elements and support phloem cells by helping materials move in and out of the phloem.

Question 19

Parenchyma cells

Answer 19

Type of ground tissue. Have thin cell walls. The central vacuole is surrounded by cytoplasm.

Question 20

What do parenchyma cells allow for in leaves?

Answer 20

Gas exchange and absorption of sunlight.

Question 21

Collenchyma Cells

Answer 21

Type of ground tissue. Have strong, flexible cell walls that help support the plant organs.

Question 22

Sclerenchyma cells

Answer 22

Type of ground tissue. Extremely thick, rigid cell walls.

Question 23

What are Meristems (apical meristems), what occurs there

Answer 23

Regions of unspecified cells, mitosis occurs there.

Question 24

Where are meristems found.

Answer 24

Places where the plant grows rapidly, like the tip of stems and roots.

Question 25

What are floral meristems

Answer 25

They produce the plants reproductive organs and petals.

Question 26

What do roots do?

Answer 26

Support plant, anchor plant in ground, store food, and absorb water and nutrients.

Question 27

2 main root systems

Answer 27

Tap roots and fibrous roots

Question 28

2 non main root systems

Answer 28

prop roots and areal roots

Question 29

What types of tissues do roots have?

Answer 29

Dermal, vascular, and ground tissues.

Question 30

What are roots surrounded by, and why.

Answer 30

The epidermis, for protection and absorption.

Question 31

What do root hair cells create for roots

Answer 31

a large surface area for water and mineral absorption.

Question 32

What does nutrient transport require

Answer 32

ATP energy

Question 33

Does absorption require energy.

Answer 33

Absorption requires no energy

Question 34

What is found in the vascular cylinder, and where is the vascular cylinder found.

Answer 34

xylem and phloem are found in the vascular cylinder. The vascular cylinder is found in the center of the root.

Question 35

What is in the center of the vascular cylinder. What is on the outside.

Answer 35

xylem is in the center. Phloem is on the outside.

Question 36

Endodermis

Answer 36

Layer of cells that surrounds the vascular cylinder.

Question 37

Casparian strip

Answer 37

Waterproof boundary where the cell walls of the endodermis meet. Keeps water moving in one direction only; into the vascular cylinder, and therefore the root.

Question 38

Cordex

Answer 38

Located between the endodermis and the vascular cylinder.

Question 39

Root cap

Answer 39

Protects the root tip as it moves through the soil.

Question 40

Root pressure

Answer 40

Helps water get from the root to the stem

Question 41

Order of water moving through the plant. What happens as more water enters the plant.

Answer 41

Water-> root hairs->cortex->vascular system->xylem The water is forced upward through the xylem