finals - neoplastic Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Classifications of Leukemia
A
- Chronologic (based on natural history)
- Cytologic (based on predominant cell type)
- Classification based on functional capacity of release mechanism
- Classification based on localized proliferation of cells of the same
type
2
Q
a Chronologic classification of leukemia is about whether it is __ or ____
A
acute or chronic
3
Q
are generalized neoplastic proliferation or accumulation of
leukopoietic cells with or without involvement of the peripheral
blood
A
LEUKEMIAS
4
Q
group of malignant disorders affecting blood and blood forming
tissue of the bone marrow, lymph system and spleen
A
leukemia
5
Q
what are the cells affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A
all cells coming from common lymphoid progenitors
6
Q
CML- chronic myelogenous leukemia
affects what cells
A
all cells coming form common myeloid progenitors
ex. eosinophil, neutrophil, rbc
7
Q
CLL means
A
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
8
Q
CML means
A
chronic myelogenous leukemia
9
Q
ALL means
A
acute lymphocytic anemia
10
Q
ANLL
A
acute neo lymphocytic/lymphoblastic leukemia
11
Q
Myeloproliferative Disorders has ___ numbers of cells produced
A
increased= panmyelosis
12
Q
thrombocythemia means
A
high platelets but not from a certain condition
13
Q
myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia/ MMM means
A
scarcity in bone marrow
14
Q
myelodysplastic anemia
A
refractory anemia - no response to a treatment provided to anemia
15
Q
no response to a treatment provided to anemia
A
refractory anemia
16
Q
based on natural history means
A
either if it’s chronic of acute
17
Q
cytologic based classification is about the predominant cells which is about
A
common myeloid or common lymphoid progenitors
18
Q
Classification based on functional capacity of release mechanism
A
the total number of wbc
19
Q
the most common form of leukemia in children
A
acute leukemia
20
Q
characterized by a rapid increase in the numbers of immature blood cells
A
Acute Leukemia
21
Q
a type of anemia that is rapidly progressing, lasting for several days to six
months
A
Acute Leukemia
22
Q
characterized by the excessive build-up of relatively MATURE , but still ABnormal, white blood cells
A
Chronic Leukemia
23
Q
mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically
occur in any age group
A
Chronic Leukemia
24
Q
example of acute leukemia
A
acute lymphoblastic leukemia - affecting cells from the common lymphoid progenitors
25
mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically
occur in any age group
Chronic Leukemia
26
most patients will live a minimum of 1 or 2 years or
more; may not cause symptoms for years
Chronic Leukemia
27
type of leukemia that is lasting from two to six months or even twelve months
Sub-acute Leukemia
28
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
onset
acute - abrupt
chronic - insidious
29
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
death
acute - within months
chronic - within years
30
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
age
acute - all
chronic - adults
31
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
appearance of cell
acute - blasts
chronic - mature but abnormal
32
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
wbc count
acute - elevated/normal/ low
chronic - elevated
33
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
neutropenia
acute - present
chronic - absent
34
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
anemia
acute - present
chronic - present
35
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
platelets
acute - low
chronic - normal or increased
36
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
organomegaly
acute - mild
chronic - severe
37
Comparison of Acute and Chronic Leukemia: Based on Clinical and
Lab Manifestation
subclassification
acute - ANLL and ALL
chronic - CML and CLL
38
leukemia under Granulocytic or Myelocytic Leukemia
a. Acute Myeloid/Myeloblastic Leukemia
b. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
c. Promyelocytic Leukemia
d. Myelomonocytic Leukemia
e. Eosinophilic Leukemia
39
in Granulocytic or Myelocytic Leukemia , all cells are coming from
common myeloid progenitors
40
leukemia under Lymphocytic/Lymphoid Leukemia
a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Chronic Lymphocytic
41
Lymphocytic/Lymphoid Leukemia all cells that are affected are those under
common lymphoid progenitors
42
Monocytic Leukemia affects
monocytes
43
Plasma Cell Leukemia affects
plasma cells
44
Mast Cell Leukemia affects
mast cell
45
Histiocytic Leukemia affects
histiocytes
46
Megakaryocytic Leukemia affects
progenitors of platelets
47
Basophilic Leukemia affects
basophils
48
Classification Based on Functional Capacity of Release Mechanism
Leukemic Leukemia
Subleukemic Leukemia
Aleukemic Leukemia
49
presence of immature or abnormal cells with WBC count greater than 15 x 10⁹/L
Leukemic Leukemia
50
with immature or abnormal cells in peripheral blood and with WBC count less than 15 x 10⁹/L
Subleukemic Leukemia
51
with no immature cells in the peripheral blood and with WBC count less than 15 x 10⁹/L
Aleukemic Leukemia
52
Chloroma
a type of ___ leukemia
myeloblastic
53
formation of tumors originating from periosteum,
especially of skull, orbits, nasal sinuses, ribs and
vertebrae, bones in lungs, CNS, lymph nodes
Chloroma
54
Chloroma
formation of tumors originating from ___
periosteum, especially of skull, orbits, nasal sinuses, ribs and vertebrae, bones in lungs, CNS, lymph nodes
55
it occurs usually on the precursor of myeloid
chloroma
56
a focal malignant tumor composed of myeloblast or early myeloid precursors occurring outside of the bone marrow
Myeloblastoma
57
local tumorous proliferation of plasma cells in the marrow, cancer of the plasma cells wherein plasma cells is a WBC that makes antibodies for our protection
Myeloma
58
proliferation of one of the cell types of the lymphopoietic reticular tissue
Lymphoma
59
it begins and involves lymph nodes predominantly
sometimes other sites such as spleen and GIT
Lymphoma
60
myeloblastoma is discovered by who and when
Dr. Webber 1854
61
what is the test to rule out if the bukol is malignant or benign
FNAB - fine needle aspiration biopsy
62
fast growing tumor
myeloma
63
is a reactive but excessive leukocytosis characterized by the
presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood
Leukemoid Reactions
64
causes of leukemoid reaction
1. Severe infections
2. Hemolytic anemias
3. Tuberculosis
4. Trichinella spiralis infestation
65
test to check if the patient has leukemia or leukemoid reaction
LAP scoring - leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
66
elevation in one or more myeloid cell type in
the peripheral blood
MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
67
2 Types of Myeloproliferative Disorder
Acute Myeloproliferative disorders
Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders
68
Acute Myeloproliferative disorders
a. myeloblastic leukemia
b. promyelocytic leukemia
c. myelomonocytic leukemia
d. Di Guglielmo ’s syndrome
69
Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders
a. polycythemia vera
b. myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
c. thrombocythemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia
e. myelodysplastic syndromes
70
is a neoplastic clonal MPD that commonly manifests with
panmyelosis in the bone marrow and increases in RBC,
granulocytes, and platelets in the peripheral blood
. Polycythemia Vera
71
a rare disease that occurs more often in men than women
Polycythemia Vera
72
there would be a high blood viscosity that causes high blood
pressure causing stroke and heart attack
Polycythemia Vera
73
Presence of ____ that is
associated with bone marrow disorder
caused by the production of too many bloods
cells
JAK2/Janus kinase 2
74
polycythemia vera Treatment
-Therapeutic phlebotomy
We could give a low dose of aspirin para maprevent yung thrombosis
If patient is high risk, we can give Hydroxyurea
Kapag older naman ang pasyente, we could give Busulfan
75
Myelofibrosis is also known as
Myeloid Metaplasia
76
Characterized by autonomous proliferation of the megakaryocytic
cell lines.
Thrombocythemia
77
Thrombocythemia can be either __
hemorrhagic or primary
78
why Thrombocythemia can still cause bleeding
all the platelets produced are non functional
79
is a MPD arising as a clonal process from a pluripotential
stem cell
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
80
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia has a problem with Philadelphia chromosome also known as
chromosome 22
81
group of clonal disorder of neoplastic pluripotential stem cells
characterized by a decrease in one or more types of
peripheral blood cells due to abnormal maturation in the bone
marrow
Myelodysplastic syndrome
82
FAB Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes means
FAB- French American British
83
represent a group of neoplastic conditions originating from
cells of the lymphoreticular system
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
84
composed of small B-lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm and fine (hairy) cytoplasmic projections
Hairy Cell Leukemia
85
affected ang B-lymphocytes
Hairy Cell Leukemia
86
hairy cell leukemia is stain by _
TRAP (Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphate)
87
the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Mycosis Fungoides
88
Mycosis Fungoides also known as
Alibert-Bazin syndrome
89
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin’s Disease
90
Hodgkin’s Disease hallmark is a large binucleated or multinucleated cell with
each nucleus bearing a very large nucleolus (___)
Reed Sternberg Cell
91
3 Major Stages of mycosis fungoides
Initial erythematous stage
Plaque Stage
Final Tumor stage
92
Multiple Myeloma other names
Plasmatocytoma Kohler’s Disease
93
is a neoplasmic proliferation of morphologically abnormal
plasma cells primarily occurring in the BM either in nodules or
diffusely.
Multiple Myeloma
94
Multiple Myeloma has what protin
bence jones protein
95
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia also known as
indolent lymphoma
96
is an uncommon condition which behaves as a slowly
progressive lymphoma
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
96
is proliferation of cells which produce a monoclonal IgM
paraprotein
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
96
Infectious Mononucleosis has what lymphocyte
atypical lymphocyte
97
Infectious Mononucleosis also known as
Kissing Disease
Glandular Fever
Pfeiffer’s Disease
97
Histiocytoses or known as
Storage Disease
98
represent a group of diseases with abnormal proliferation of
mesenchymal cells that are closely related to phagocytic
histiocytes and to fat cells
Histiocytoses/ Storage Disease
99
is a collagen disease which affects women most commonly
characterized by skin rash, arthralgia, fever, renal, cardiac
and vascular lesions, anemia, leukopenia, and
thrombocytopenia
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
99
3 types of Antibody - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
o Anti-DNP
o Anti-DNA
o Anti-nuclear
100
supportive treatment for SLE
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
101
the number 1 organ affected by SLE
kidney
102
a disorder secondary to an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
103
- a RNA retrovirus that is cytotropic for CD4 positive T cells
and macrophages
HIV
104
supportive treatment given to patients with SLE
corticosteroid
105
infectious mononucleosis is caused by
Epstein
Barr (EB) virus
106
