rbc anomalies Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
what are the 3 classification of rbc based on variation of hemoglobin content
A
normochromic cell
hypochromic cell
spherocytes “hyperchromic cell”
2
Q
In hypochromic cell, what is the size of the central pallor
A
larger than usual - larger than the 1/3 of the cell
3
Q
describe how much or how concentrated the amount of hemoglobin in hypochromic cell
A
the hgb is less than normal
4
Q
In hyperchromic or spherocytes cell, what is the size of the central pallor
A
smaller than the normal size of 1/3 and the hemoglbin content is higher than normal
5
Q
hypochromic is associated to a condition wherein the red cell is smaller than normal, smaller than 7 um
A
microcytosis
6
Q
refers to erythrocytes with normal
amount of hemoglobin
and possess a central pallor which is about 1/3 of its diameter
A
normochromic
7
Q
explain what will happen to the mch and mchc of an rbc if it’s hypochromic
A
both indices will decrease
8
Q
classifications of rbc if it’s about the variation in staining property
A
POLYCHROMASIA
HYPOCHROMASIA
HYPERCHROMASIA
9
Q
This condition wherein the red cell are stained with
various shades of blue with tinges of pink.
A
Polychromatophilia
10
Q
explain the action of Polychromatophilia
A
This is due combination of the affinity of hb to acid
stain and the affinity of RNA to the basic dye.
11
Q
polychromasia will indicates ___
A
reticulocytosis
12
Q
what is the reference value of reticulocytes
A
0.5 - 1.5%
13
Q
Polychromasia grading
state the grade
A
slight
1+
2+
3+
4+
14
Q
In a slight grade of polychromasia
what is the PERCENTAGE OF RBCs that are polychromatophilic
A
1%
15
Q
In a 1+ grade of polychromasia
what is the PERCENTAGE OF RBCs that are polychromatophilic
A
3%
16
Q
In a 2+ grade of polychromasia
what is the PERCENTAGE OF RBCs that are polychromatophilic
A
5%
17
Q
In a 3+ grade of polychromasia
what is the PERCENTAGE OF RBCs that are polychromatophilic
A
10%
18
Q
In a 4+ grade of polychromasia
what is the PERCENTAGE OF RBCs that are polychromatophilic
A
higher than 11%
19
Q
variation in staining properties
Condition where in the
red cells appear pale.
A
hypochromasia
20
Q
why hypochromasia exist?
A
because of thinness of the red blood cell and low concentration of hemoglobin
21
Q
conditions wherein hypochromasia can be observed
A
IDA or iron deficiency anemia
sideroblastic anemia
thalassemia
22
Q
common type of anemia and the easiest one to treat
A
IDA - iron deficiency anemia
23
Q
a type of anemia wherein there is a “blockage in the iron” in the protoporphyrin pathway
A
sideroblastic anemia
24
Q
type of anemia wherin there’s a deficiency in either the alpha or beta chain
A
thalasemia
25
reading for hypochromasia. Where do we based it?
the size of the central pallor
26
reading for hypochromasia. Where do we based it?
number of population that is polychromatophilic
27
gradings for hypochromasia
1+
2+
3+
4+
28
gradings for hypochromasia and the description
1+
Area of central pallor is½ofcell
diameter
29
2+ in hypochromasia
area of the central pallor is 2/3 of the cell diameter
30
3+ hpochromasia
area of the cental pallor is 3/4 of the cell diameter
31
4+ hypochromasia
think rim of hemoglobin
32
variation in staining properties
Conditioned where in the
red cell are deeply
stained to abnormal
thickness of cells.
HYPERCHROMASIA
33
what are the conditions we can observe hyprchromasia
* Macrocytosis
* Spherocytosis
* Megaloblastic anemia
34
do old samples became spherocytes?
yes
35
condition where in the red
cells vary in size both macrocytes and
microcytes coexist on the same smear.
anisocytosis
36
normocyte size
7-8 um diameter
37
classification of red blood cells under the variation in size
microcyte
macrocyte
megalocyte
38
in normocyte - normal size
wht are the associated diseases
acute post hemorrhagic anemia
hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia
39
what happens in hemolytic anemia
premature distraction of the rbc in which di kaya makareach ng 120 days
40
what happens in aplastic anemia
problem withthebone marrow, they produce vert little cells in bone marrow
41
what is the hallmark of aplastic anemia
presence of pancytopenia
the decrease of all the formed elements of our blood
42
pancytopenia
decrease of all the formed elements in the blood
43
In pancytopenia - low rbc
low wbc
low platelets will cause
low rbc - anemia
lowewbc - infection
low platelet bleeding
44
In macrocyte - the mean corpuscular volume is greater than
100 femtoliter
45
larger than normal greater than
8 um in size round in shape mcv > 100FL
macrocyte
46
conditions where we can observed macrocyte
Non-Megaloblastic anemia
myelodysplastic syndrome
47
macrocyte
megalocyte
differentiate the megalobastic
macro - non megalo
mgalo - megalo
48
what's the difference with non megalo and megalo
in non megalo,there's no characteristics like hypersigegmented neutrophils
49
hallmark of the megaloblastic anemia is the
presence of hypersegmented neutrophil
50
the mcv of non megaloblastic is always
not greater than 100 FT
51
an indices that represents the size or volume of the red blood cell
mean corpuscular volume
52
defect in macrocyte
Abnormal nuclear maturation
but
normal cytoplasmic maturation
53
other diseases we can observe macrocyte
* Chronic liver disease
* BM failure
* Reticulocytosis - continuous production of blood due to bleeding
54
cell which is less than 7 um in size
MCVless than 80 ft
microcyte
55
defect in microcyte
normal
nuclear maturation
but
Abnormal cytoplasmic maturation
56
Microcytosis is found
* Iron deficiency Anemia
* Thalassemia
* Hemolytic anemia
* Hb E disease
57
large oval-shaped red cell which is 9-12
um
megalocyte
58
defect in megalocyte
Abnormal nuclear maturation
but
normal
cytoplasmic maturation
59
Megalocytosis is found in :
* Megaloblastic anemias like pernicious anemia
* Anemia
* Vit. B12 deficiency anemia or vit B12 def.
* Diphyllobothrium latum infection
60
what is Diphyllobothrium latum
it competes with the vitamins with the host
61
red cells exhibit variation in shape.
poikilocytosis
62
classifications in rbc variation in size
discocyte
acanthocytes (spur cells)
biscuit cell (folded rbc)
burr cell
blister cell (bite cell)
echinocytes or crenated cell burr cell
codocytes
teardrop cell (dacryocytes)
elliptocytes
spherocytes
sickel cells (drepanocytes)
schistocytes
stomatocyte
63
what are the causes of the variation in shape of the rbc
carbohydrates
lipids
proteis
64
conditions associated with discocyte
Acute post hemorrhagic anemia
aplastic anemia
65
reasons why biconcave shaped
to become flexible to pass through narrow vessels
to carry hemoglobin efficiently
66
acanthocytes is also called
spur cell
67
small dense
RBC with few irregularly
spaced projections of varying
length
Acanthocyte(spur cell)
68
defect in Acanthocyte (spur cell)
abnormal membrane
defect caused by an
increase sphingomyelin and
dec in cholesterol and
phospholipid.
69
acanthocyte can is caused by increased in ___ and decrease in
increase in sphingomyelin and
dectrease in cholesterol and phospholipid.
70
associated disease in Acanthocyte(spur cell)
Neuroacanthocytosis (abetalipoproteinemia,
McLeod syndrome)
Severe liver disease (spur cell anemia)
71
biscuit cell is also called as
folded rbc
72
defect found in biscuit cell
cell membrane folded
73
cell decscription in biscuit cell
Cell assumes a “
Pocket bookroll”
appearance or biscuit
shape
74
associated disease for biscuit cell
HbSC diease
HbCC disease
diseases seen in hemoglobinopathies
75
burr cell is also called as
echinocyte
76
defect in burr cell
abnormal lipid content in the membrane
77
cell description of burr cell
cell with irregularly
spaced blunt processes,
resembles crenated RBC
78
associated disease in burr cell
uremia
MAHA - microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
liver disease
DIC - Disseminated intravascular coagulation
TTP - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
PK - Pyruvate kinare
79
is crenated rbc pathologic?
yes and no
yes if the sample is near to drying
80
Blister cell is also called as
bite cell
81
defect of blister or bite cell
G6P def. resulting
to accumulation of Heinz
bodies
82
cell description of blister or bite cell
cell w/ eccentric
vacuoles due to the
plucked out Heinz body
83
associated disease for blister cell or bite cell
G6PD def.
HUS - hemolytic uremic syndrome
MAHA microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
84
echinocytes is also called as
crenated cells
85
sea urchin cells
echinocytes or crenated cells
86
deficiency in ATP due to prolonged
storage of
anticoagulated blood is associated to which variatio in shapre
Pathologically ; due to
abnormal lipid content
of the membrane
ECHINOCYTES OR CRENATED CELLS
87
ECHINOCYTES OR CRENATED CELLS disease associated
Usually artifactual.
Seen in uremia, bleeding
ulcers, gastric
carcinoma, hepatitis,
Cirrhosis
88
CODOCYTES is also called as
Target cell/ Mexican Hat
/cells with bull’s eye
appearance
89
defect in codocytes
Def. in cholesterol,
phospholipid in the membrane
Def in Lecithin cholesterol acyl
transferase ( LCAT)
90
description of codocytes
Cell w/ central area of Hb
surrounded by colorless area and a peripheral ring
91
associated diseases for codocytes
Thalassemia. Liver ds ,
Hemolytic anemia, and hemoglobinopathies HbSS
92
teardrop cell is also called as
dacryocyte
93
defect in teardrop cell
abnormal
maturation squeezing
and fragmentation
during splenic passage
94
cell description for teardrop cell
Cells appear in the
shape of a teardrop or
pear with a single short
or long protrusion
95
conditions associated with teardrop cell
hemolytic anemia
megaloblastic anemia
mmm myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
myelophthistic anemia
96
ELLIPTOCYTES is also known as
ovalocytes
97
defect in elliptocytes ovalocytes
Abn membrane due
to defective spectrin,
def in band protein 4.1
98
cell description for elliptocyes
oval or elliptical
99
Hb appearsto be
concentrated at the two
ends of the cell leaving a
normal central area of pallor
elliptocytes
100
Can be found inhealthy
person in elliptocytes
yes provided that it's not numerous
101
why rbc for elliptocytes has shortened life span
not stable
oxygen content is low
102
elliptocyte can be seen in associated diseases such as
* Megaloblastic anemia
* Hypochromic anemia
22
* Hereditary ovalocytosis
103
cell desription of spherocyte
small round dense cell
which lacks the central
pallor area usually
microcytic and sphere
shaped.
104
defect in spectrin
Primary : Spectrin
Def
Secondary : defective
interaction of spectrin with
other skeletal proteins.
105
associated disease for spherocyte
HS,
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Immune homlytic anemia
due to ABO incompatibility
106
Small, round, dense RBC
with no central pallor
SPHEROCYTE
107
Cells becomesmallerand
denser r with increase Hb
content and become less
deformable with age.
* Shortened survival time
because they can be
sequestred in the spleen
and destroyed
spherocyte
108
SICKLE CELLS is also called as
drepanocytes
109
Cresent shape cell due to
abnormal aggregation of ___
which gives a tendency for the
cell to assume a sickle shape
HbS
110
__cells are thin and
elongated with pointed ends
and are well filled with Hb.
Sickle
111
They may be curved or
straight or have S, V or L
shaped
SICKLE CELLS ( DREPANOCYTES)
112
dieases associted with sickle cell
sickle anemia and sickle cell trait
113
Cell fragmentation
due to trauma caused by
physical and mechanical
agents.
SCHISTOCYTES
114
SCHISTOCYTES is also called as
Schizocyte
115
schistocytes cell description
irregularly, contracted
cell; fragmented cell
116
SCHISTOCYTES is one of the hallmark associated with
MAHA
117
ieases associated wth schistocytes
MAHA,TTP,DIC HUS, UREMIA
118
STOMATOCYTE is also called as
mouth cells
119
Characterized by an
elongated or slit-like area of
central pallor
stomatocyte
120
Causedby osmtic changes
due tocation imbalance (
Na,K)
stomatocyte
121
Stomatocytosis is found in
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Hereditary stomatocytosis
hepatobiliary disease
Rh null syndrome
122
VARIATION DUE TOTHE
PRESENCE OFINCLUSION
BODIES
diffuse basophhilia
basophilic stippling
howell jolly body
heinz body
pappenheimer bodies
cabot ring
Hgb H inclusions (golf ball size)
123
