midterm - LABORATORY EVALUATION

Question 1

3 layers formed in hematocrit

Answer 1

buffy coat
plasma
rbc

Question 2

sealant parts

Answer 2

wax and clay

Question 3

a measure of Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Answer 3

Hematocrit

Question 4

is the volume of packed RBCs that occupies
a given volume of whole blood

Answer 4

Hematocrit (Hct)

Question 5

principle of hematocrit

Answer 5

Anticoagulated whole blood is centrifuged, and the total volume of the red cell mass is
expressed as a percentage or a decimal
fraction

Question 6

manner of reporing for hematocrit

Answer 6

decimal L/L or percentage

Question 7

Methods of Hematocrit Determination

Answer 7

1. Wintrobe Method
   ⚫Double oxalate
   2.Haden’s Modification Method
   ⚫1.1% Na citrate
   3.Van Allen’s Method
   ⚫1.6% Na citrate
2. Sanford – Magath Method
   ⚫ 1.3% NA citrate
3. Bray’s Method
   ⚫ Heparin

Question 8

method of collection of macrohematocrit

Answer 8

venipuncture

Question 9

method of collection of microhematocrit

Answer 9

skin puncture

Question 10

amount of blood for macrohematocrit

Answer 10

larger

Question 11

amount of blood for microhematocrit

Answer 11

smaller

Question 12

rcf for macrohematocrit

Answer 12

2000 to 2300 rpm

Question 13

rcf for microhematocrit

Answer 13

10 000 - 12 000 rpm

Question 14

time of centrifugation for macrohematocrit

Answer 14

longer 30 mns

Question 15

time of centrifugation for microhematocrit

Answer 15

shorter 3-5 mns

Question 16

can we perform esr in microhematocrit

Answer 16

nope, only in macro

Question 17

spilling and leakage for macro

Answer 17

not common

Question 18

spilling and leakage for micro

Answer 18

common

Question 19

breakage of buffy coat in macro

Answer 19

not common

Question 20

breakage of buffy coat in micro

Answer 20

common

Question 21

separation of buffy coat in macro

Answer 21

complete

Question 22

separation of buffy coat in micro

Answer 22

not complete

Question 23

reference value for hematocrit

Answer 23

male - 42 - 54%
female - 35 - 49%

Question 24

⚫Increased Hct values occur in

Answer 24

⚫Erythrocytosis
⚫Polycythemia vera
⚫Shock , when hemocentration rise
considererably

Question 25

Decreased values are indicator of anemia

Answer 25

⚫Leukemia , lymphomas ⚫Adrenal insufficiency ⚫Chronic disease ⚫Acute and chronic blood loss

Question 26

Hct may or may not be reliable immediately after even a moderate loss of blood or immediate transfusion true or false

Answer 26

true

Question 27

Interfering Factors for hematocit

Answer 27

⚫High altitude ⚫NV vary with age and gender ⚫Lower value in men and women older than 60 y/o ⚫Severe dehydration from any cause falsely raises the hct

Question 28

Sources of Error in Hematocrit Determination

Answer 28

1. Speed and duration of centrifugation Decrease in centrifugal force will result in more trapped plasma in between red cells. 2. Type and amount of anticoagulant Excess anticoagulant causes shrinkage of cells 3. Integrity in the length and diameter of the tube 4. Errors in the sample, improper techniques in the collection of venous and capillary blood. 5. Failure to mix the blood properly before sampling 6. Leakage of blood in the case of micro hematocrit. 7. Errors in taking the reading and calculating the result.

Question 29

the process of enumerating blood cells

Answer 29

Hemocytometry

Question 30

capillary tube size

Answer 30

75 mm

Question 31

filling the capillary tube for ___

Answer 31

3/4

Question 32

is anemia a secondary condition?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

remaining in packed cell volume are called

Answer 33

trapped plasma - causing falsely increase in the hcv

Question 34

total ruled area of hemacytometer

Answer 34

9 square meter

Question 35

Macroscopically the hemacytometer is

Answer 35

3-mm x 3-mm square separated by an H-shaped moat

Question 36

1 big square has a size of

Answer 36

1 mm

Question 37

the 4 corner quadrants in the hemocytometer is for

Answer 37

wbc

Question 38

the center quadrant is for

Answer 38

rbc and platelet

Question 39

in 1 big square, how many squares do it have?

Answer 39

16

Question 40

in the central square, how many squares it has?

Answer 40

25 squares

Question 41

the distance between each counting surface and coverslip (depth) is ___

Answer 41

0.10 mm

Question 42

WBC Diluting Fluid

Answer 42

1. 2-3% glacial acetic acid 2. 1% HCl added with 1 drop of methyl violet or crystal violet

Question 43

Criteria of Good WBC Diluting Fluid

Answer 43

1. should be hypotonic 2. should color/stain the nuclei of white blood cells

Question 44

Reference Range for wbc counting

Answer 44

4.5-11.5 x 10⁹/L

Question 45

WBC Count must be corrected if 5 or more NRBCs are counted on differential count since NRBCs present in the sample are not lysed by the diluting fluid and counted as WBC

Answer 45

Corrected WBC Count

Question 46

represents the number of WBCs in 1 liter of whole blood

Answer 46

White Blood Cell Count

Question 47

Reference Range: for rbc counting

Answer 47

Male: 4.6-6.0 x 10ˈ²/L Female: 4.0-5.4 x 10ˈ²/L

Question 48

RBC Diluting Fluids

Answer 48

1. Hayem’s Fluid 2. Gower’s Solution 3. Toisson’s Fluid 4. Dacie’s or Formol Citrate Solution 5. Bethel’s Fluid 6. NSS or Physiologic Salt Solution 7. 3.8% Sodium Citrate

Question 49

v this is considered the best diluent . v It keeps for a long time and does not alter the shape of the cells for rbc diluting fluid

Answer 49

Dacies Fluid ( Formol Citrate)

Question 50

composition of rbc diluting fluid dacies

Answer 50

40 % formaldehyde 10 ml 3% w/v disodium citrate 990 ml

Question 51

Hayem’s Diluting Fluid composition

Answer 51

⚫ Mercuric chloride 1 g ⚫ Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous 4.4 g

Question 52

Gower’s Solution- prevents rouleaux formationn composition

Answer 52

- Sodium sulfate anhydrous 12.5 g - Glacial acetic acid 33.3 ml - Distilled water 200 ml

Question 53

an rbc diluent that is high specific gravity and stains the WBC

Answer 53

toisson's fluid

Question 54

toisson's fluid's composition

Answer 54

-Na chloride 1.0 gram - NaSo4 8.0 grams Glycerin 30.0 grams Methyl violet 0.25 grams Distilled Water 180 ml

Question 55

rbc diulent that is sed in emergency cases, used in the presence of rouleaux formation and autoagglutination of cells

Answer 55

Normal Saline Solution

Question 56

Criteria of Good RBC Diluting Fluid

Answer 56

1. Must be an isotonic solution 2. Has a good preservative 3. Does not initiate the growth of molds and yeast 4. With a high specific gravity 5. With buffer action 6. Cheap and easy to prepare

Question 57

40% formaldehde - 10 ml

Answer 57

preserve rbc

Question 58

disodium citrate - 990 ml

Answer 58

prevent coagulation

Question 59

Criteria of Good RBC Diluting Fluid

Answer 59

1. Must be an isotonic solution 2. Has a good preservative 3. Does not initiate the growth of molds and yeast 4. With a high specific gravity 5. With buffer action 6. Cheap and easy to prepare

Question 60

the value of the hematocrit should be three times the value of hemoglobin (+3)

Answer 60

Rule of Three