finals - UNIT 9: Common Specific Antidotes

Question 1

1st 5

Answer 1

• acetaminophen
• anticholinergic
• anticoagulants, oral factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban)
• benzodiazepines
• black widow spider bite

Question 2

acetaminophen

Answer 2

N-acetylcysteine

Question 3

anticholinergics

Answer 3

physostigmine *

Question 4

anticoagulants, oral factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban)

Answer 4

andexanet alfa

Question 5

benzodiazepines

Answer 5

flumazenil *

Question 6

black widow spider bite

Answer 6

lactrodectus antivenom

Question 7

2nd 5

Answer 7

1. botulism
2. beta-blockers
3. calcium channel blockers
4. carbamates
5. crotaline snake bites (US)

Question 8

botulism

Answer 8

botulinum antitoxin

Question 9

beta-blockers

Answer 9

• glucagon
• IV lipid emulsion

Question 10

calcium channel blockers

Answer 10

• calcium
• IV insulin in high doses with IV glucose
• IV lipid emulsion

Question 11

carbamates

Answer 11

• atropine
• pralidoxime chloride

Question 12

crotaline snake bites (US)

Answer 12

crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine)

Question 13

3rd 5

Answer 13

1. cyanide
2. dabigatran
3. digitalis glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, oleander, foxglove)
4. ethylene glycol
5. heavy metals

Question 14

cyanide

Answer 14

• hydroxocobalamin
• cyanide antidote kit (includes amyl nitrate, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate)

Question 15

dabigatran

Answer 15

• idarucizumab

Question 16

digitalis glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, oleander, foxglove)

Answer 16

• digoxin: specific fab fragments

Question 17

ethylene glycol

Answer 17

• fomepizole
• ethanol

Question 18

heavy metals

Answer 18

• chelating drugs

Question 19

4th 5

Answer 19

1. ionizing radiation
2. iron
3. isoniazid
4. methanol
5. methemoglobin-forming agents (aniline dyes, some local anesthetics, nitrates, nitrites, phenacetin, sulfonamides)

Question 20

ionizing radiation

Answer 20

• potassium iodide

Question 21

iron

Answer 21

• deferoxamine

Question 22

isoniazid

Answer 22

• pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

Question 23

methanol

Answer 23

• fomepizole
• ethanol

Question 24

methemoglobin-forming agents (aniline dyes, some local anesthetics, nitrates, nitrites, phenacetin, sulfonamides)

Answer 24

methylene blue

Question 25

5th five

Answer 25

1. methotrexate 2. opioids 3. organophosphates 4. scorpion envenomation (Centruroides sp) 5. sulfonylurea

Question 26

methotrexate

Answer 26

- leucovorin (folinic acid) - glucarpidase (carboxypeptidase-G2)

Question 27

opioids

Answer 27

- naloxone

Question 28

organophosphates

Answer 28

- atropine - pralidoxime

Question 29

scorpion envenomation (centruroides sp)

Answer 29

- centruroides immune F(ab')2

Question 30

sulfonylurea

Answer 30

octreotide

Question 31

6th five

Answer 31

1. thallium 2. tricyclic antidepressants 3. unfractionated heparin 4. valproic acid 5. warfarin

Question 32

thallium

Answer 32

- prussian blue

Question 33

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 33

sodium bicarbonate

Question 34

unfractionated heparin

Answer 34

protamine

Question 35

valproic acid

Answer 35

L-carnitine (*limited evidence)

Question 36

warfarin

Answer 36

- vitamin K - fresh frozen plasma - prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)