unit 1: introduction to MED INORG CHEM Flashcards
1
Q
study of matter, its properties, composition, structure and how it changes
A
chemistry
2
Q
- study of the chemistry of life and reactions occurring in living organisms
- involves the structure and properties of organic molecules, polymers, drugs, or fuels and its reactions
A
biochemistry
3
Q
- study of inorganic compounds, which includes all chemical compounds without the chains or rings of carbon atoms that fall into the subcategory of organic compounds.
- Topics of interest to inorganic chemists include ionic compounds, organometallic compounds, minerals, cluster compounds, and solid- state compounds.
A
inorganic chemistry
4
Q
- study of the chemistry of matter and the development of tools to measure properties of matter
- includes quantitative and qualitative analysis, separations, extractions, distillation, spectrometry and spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrophoresis.
A
analytical chemistry
5
Q
- branch of chemistry that applies physics to the study of chemistry,
- commonly includes the applications of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics to chemistry.
A
physical chemistry
6
Q
- study of chemical processes that occur inside of living organisms
- It involves the key molecules include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, drugs, and neurotransmitters.
A
biochemistry
7
Q
sub branches of inorg chem
A
- 5.
8
Q
- study of the structures and biological functions of inorganic biological substances, such enzymatic systems to carry out catalysis.
- field that encompasses the intersection between inorganic chemistry and biochemistry.
A
bioinorganic chemistry
9
Q
- field that includes the synthesis of inorganic compounds (which are not carbon based) and research on their benefits and safety.
A
inorganic chemistry
10
Q
- study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and metal atoms.
- growing field that bridges both areas by considering compounds containing direct metal-carbon bonds and includes catalysis of many chemical reactions.
A
organometallic chemistry
11
Q
- deals with the interactions of organic and inorganic ligands involving metal centers (whereas organometallic chemistry involves chemical complexes in which at least one bond is present between a metal and a carbon atom of an organic species)
A
coordination chemistry
12
Q
- can be broadly defined as the area of research concerned with metal ions and metal complexes and their clinical application
- may involve the interaction of metals and proteins, metal chelation and general functions of metals in living systems.
A
bioinorganic chem
13
Q
Some metal-based drugs clinical applications:
A
- Transition metals (i.e Cisplatin, Platinum) -
- Gadolinium or Technetium-
- Lanthanum salts-
- Gold compounds -
14
Q
Unique properties of metal complexes:
A
- Metal ions interact with biomolecules
- Coordination and redox behavior
- Magnetic moments and radioactivity
- High aqueous solubility of their cations
15
Q
_______ & ________: two broad classes of molecules.
________: describes the distribution of electrical charge around a molecule.
Charge is _______ distributed in a nonpolar molecule but ______ distributed in a polar molecule.
A
- Polar and nonpolar molecules
- Polarity
- evenly; unevenly
16
Q
- It has a dipole, where part of the molecule has a partial positive
charge and part has a partial negative charge. - has an asymmetric shape, lone electron pair, or central atom bonded to other atoms with different electronegativity values
- Usually, it contains ______ or _______ bonds
- often hydrophilic and soluble in polar solvents.
- often have higher melting points than nonpolar molecules with similar molar masses.
- due to intermolecular forces between polar molecules, such as ___________.
A
POLAR MOLECULE
- ionic or polar covalent
- hydrogen bonding
17
Q
- Form either when electrons are equally shared between atoms in a molecule or when the arrangement of electrons in a molecule is symmetrical so that dipole charges cancel each other out.
- share some common properties: tend to be water insoluble at room temperature, hydrophobic, and able to dissolve other nonpolar compounds.
A
NON-POLAR MOLECULE
18
Q
Binding forces between molecules:
A
- Intramolecular force
- Intermolecular force
19
Q
types of intramolecular forces
A
- ionic bond
- covalent bond
- metallic bond
20
Q
types of intermolecular forces
A
- van der waals forces
- dipole-dipole
- dipole-induced dipole
- induced dipole-induced dipole - hydrogen bonds or hydrogen bridge
21
Q
- Most reactive of all metals they are always found as a compound with other elements
- Should not be kept in the open environment they are highly reactive when in contact with oxygen or moisture
- Reacts vigorously with water, forming Hydrogen (H) gas and metallic hydroxide
- Do not for complexes
- Form solid hydride when heated in Hydrogen (H) gas
- Form oxides high affinity to Oxygen
A
1- ALKALI METALS
22
Q
- Generally shiny; do not exist as pure form in nature
- Form ionic and covalent bonds
- Form ionic salts and oxides
- Form hydrate (salt) hydrates generally insoluble
- Form hydrated halides with halogens
- Form hydroxides with water (except Be)
- Show a colored flame when strongly heated
A
- ALKALI EARTH METALS
23
Q
- Form ionic and covalent bonds, and complexions
- Form stable oxides and soluble halides
- There are 33 transition metals, if La and Ac are included
- May have valence electron in the shell other than the outer shell.
- Some transition elements act as a catalyst in a chemical reaction →
increases the rate of reaction.
A
TRANSITION AND INNER TRANSITION METALS (3-12)
24
Q
- metalloid shows properties of metals and solid nonmetals
- Form covalent bonds
- Form hydroxides with amphoteric properties
- Readily oxidized when heated in air; stable al room temperature
- Oxides are readily reduced back as free metal
- ________ & ________ are of significant pharmaceutic use
A
BORON (3)
- Boron (B) and Aluminum (Al)
25
- very important for the existence of life on the earth
- consists of around 18.5 % of mass in the human body
- C and Si are nonmetals
- Reacts moderately with oxygen
- Form volatile halides (except SnF4)
- Form hydroxides (weak acids)
CARBON (14)
26
- element is very important for sustaining life
- Earth's atmosphere is comprised of 78% of this
- Form ionic and covalent bonds
- Form hydrides with hydrogen
- Readily form oxides with oxygen
- Readily form pentahalides
- Readily form sulfides -> used as pigments and dyes
NITROGEN (15)
