First Aid pg 450-454 Neuro

Question 1

Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper limb?

Answer 1

Sphingomyelia,

Question 2

Which part of the spinal cord affect in Sphingomyelia?

Answer 2

Most common at C8 –> T1

Question 3

Intention tremor plus loss of pain and temp sensation in UL?

Answer 3

Chiari I malfomation - cerebellar tonisillar ectopia >3-5mm

Question 4

Which fibers are destroyed in Syringomyelia?

Answer 4

crossed fibers in ant white commissure, spinothalamic tract

Question 5

Which arches are responsible for the ant 2/3 tongue? Gen sens’n nerve? Nerve for taste?

Answer 5

1st and 2nd arch, Mandibular n (V3), Facial n (VII)

Question 6

Which arches for the post 1/3 of tongue? N for gen sens’n and taste?

Answer 6

3rd and 4th arch, CN IX, root is CN X

Question 7

Function of hyoglossus, genioglossus, and styloglossus?

Answer 7

Hyo - retracts and lower tongue
Genio - protrudes tongue
Stylo - pulls sides of tongue upwards

Question 8

Which n innervates which m of tongue?

Answer 8

All muscles of tongue inn by CN XII, except palatoglossus, by CN X

Question 9

Nissl staining stains what (what parts of neuron) and what molecular structure?

Answer 9

rER, so therefore only stains the body of neuron, not axon

Question 10

What is Wallerian degeneration?

Answer 10

Degeneration distal to injury of an axon, and axonal retraction proximally

Question 11

Where can axons regenerate?

Answer 11

Periph Nervous system

Question 12

Which neuro cell type is responsible for K metabolism?

Answer 12

Astrocytes

Question 13

marker of Astrocytes?

Answer 13

GFAP

Question 14

Embryo origin of microglial cells?

Answer 14

mesodermal origin, from monocytes in Bone marrow

Question 15

In HIV, what neurological reaction occurs in the CNS and with which cell type?

Answer 15

fomation of multinucleated giant cells from microglia

Question 16

Which cells produce the myelin sheath in CNS and PNS?

Answer 16

CNS - oligodendrocytes

PNS - Schwann cells

Question 17

What type of channels are seen at the nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 17

Na+ channels (where AP happens!)

Question 18

Schwann cells are injured in which disease, causing ascending paralysis? Assoc with which microbe?

Answer 18

Guillan Barre syndrome, C. jejuni

Question 19

Embryo origin of Schwann cells?

Answer 19

neural crest

Question 20

What is the difference in myelination between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes? (other than location)

Answer 20

A Schwann cell can only myelinate one single PNS axon

An oligodendrocyte can myelinate several (about 30) CNS axons

Question 21

What neuro cell have a fried egg appearance histo wise?

Answer 21

Oligodendroglia

Question 22

What 3 diseases are associated with damage to oligodendroglia?

Answer 22

MS, PML (Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), leukodystrophy

Question 23

Difference between C and Adelta fibers?

Answer 23

C - slow and unmyelinated (C student is slow) A - fast, myelinated)

Question 24

Where are meissner corpuscles located? What do they sense?

Answer 24

hairless skin, fine touch and position sense

Question 25

Where are pacinian corpuscles located? What do they sense?

Answer 25

vibration, pressure

Question 26

Where are Merkel discs located? What do they sense?

Answer 26

Pressure, deep touch, position sense

Question 27

Where are ruffini corpuscles?

Answer 27

finger tips, joints

Question 28

Location of synthesis of Ach? Inc /Dec in which disease?

Answer 28

Made at Basal nucleus - Inc in Parkinsons, Dec in Alzheimer, Huntingtons

Question 29

Location of synthesis of Dopamine?

Answer 29

Ventral tegmentum, SN(pars compacta)

Question 30

Inc/Dec Dopamine in which diseases?

Answer 30

Dec in depression, parkinson, - Inc in Schizophrenia, Huntington

Question 31

GABA made in ?

Answer 31

nucleus accumbens

Question 32

GABA dec in ?

Answer 32

Huntingtons, Anxiety

Question 33

Where is NE made?

Answer 33

Locus ceruleus

Question 34

NE inc/Dec in?

Answer 34

Inc = anxiety, dec = depression

Question 35

Serotonin made where?

Answer 35

Raphe nucleus

Question 36

Serotonin is inc/dec where?

Answer 36

Dec in Anxiety and depression, Inc in Par

Question 37

How does myelination affect n transmission characteristics?

Answer 37

have inc diam, and faster AP conduction

Question 38

3 parts to the BBB?

Answer 38

Tight junctions between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells, BM, Astrocyte foot processes

Question 39

What drugs can penetrate the blood brain barrier?

Answer 39

lipid soluble drugs

Question 40

Where is there a break in BBB to allow for secretion?

Answer 40

At the Hypothalamus for the secretion of ADH, Oxytocin and releasing factors.

Question 41

2 major inputs to HT not protected by BBB?

Answer 41

1. OVLT (organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis, senses changes in Osmo 2. Area postrema

Question 42

Which area of HT manages hunger? Stimulated/inhibited by?

Answer 42

Lateral area - Inc by Ghrelin, inhibited by leptin

Question 43

A cranipharyngioma of this area of the HT leads to hyperphagia, stimulated by what hormone?

Answer 43

VM - can be stimulated by leptin

Question 44

Which autonomic nervous system affects the cooling center?

Answer 44

PANS - bc when you're resting and digesting, you want to be cool.

Question 45

Which nucleus causing cooling?

Answer 45

Ant - for A/C

Question 46

Which nucleus is responsible for heating?

Answer 46

Post - her butt is HOT

Question 47

Which nucleus is responsible for circadian rhythm?

Answer 47

Suprachiasmatic nucleus - You need to see light to have a good circadian rhythm