First Aid pg 624-633 Rapid Review Flashcards by Sahaja Parsa

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

IgA def

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Anterior “drawer sign” ⊕

ACL injury

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Back pain, fever, night sweats

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection

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Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

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Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

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Calf pseudohypertrophy

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne)

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Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue, hand-foot changes

Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

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“Cherry-red spots” on macula

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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Child uses arms to stand up from squat

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign)

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Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

Congenital Toxoplasmosis

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Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

MLF issue

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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease

[pretibial])

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Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions,
 5-HIAA)

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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Sjogren’s

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Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

Meniere disease

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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly,

atypical T cells

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood

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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic

treatment for syphilis

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)

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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal

curvature

Peyronie disease

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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of

mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; cancer risk, mainly GI)

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Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises

Gaucher disease

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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, | cataracts

Alports

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, | hyperdocility

Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

UMN damage

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

LMN damage

Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly

Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

Epidural hematoma

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

Gardner syndrome

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”)

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis, CLL)

Painful fingers/toes changing color from blue to white to redwith cold or stress

Raynaud phenomenon

Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

``` Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition) ```

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

``` Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses) ```

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, | electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule)

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

Lichen planus

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil)

Rash on palms and soles

Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, | angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

Short stature, café au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, | incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

Fanconi anemia

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

1° adrenocortical insufficiency (eg, Addison disease) causes ACTH and α-MSH production)

“Strawberry tongue”

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])

Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, | arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the | forehead

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face

Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

inc AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

Anticentromere antibodies

Scleroderma (CREST)

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Anti–glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Antihistone antibodies

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, | procainamide)

Anti-IgG antibodies

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, | procainamide)

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

SLE (HS-III)

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Azurophilic peroxidase ⊕ granular inclusions in granulocytes | and myeloblasts

Auer rods (AML)

Bacitracin response

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group B)

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional | spleen)

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Branching gram ⊕ rods with sulfur granules

Actinomyces israelii

“Brown” tumor of bone

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited | hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale | neurofibrils

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma,medulloblastoma)

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

``` Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration(dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected) ```

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

``` Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) ```

First Aid pg 624-633 Rapid Review Flashcards

(69 cards)