Flashcard 1

Question 1

What is Evolution?

Answer 1

Physical change that takes over time (+ or -)(adapt over time)

Question 2

What is Adaptation?

Answer 2

(helps the organism) beneficial change (behavioral change or a physical change)

Question 3

What was the order of evolution?

Answer 3

Chordae (notochord) → fish (spinal cord) (vertebral column) (backbone) →amphibian (half life in water and half on land)→ reptile →birds → mammals (homo sapien) →A.I. + Robotics

Question 4

What is Behavior?

Answer 4

response to stimulus (signal environment)

Question 5

What is a Stimulus?

Answer 5

a signal that causes an organism to react in some way

Question 6

What is a Response?

Answer 6

an organism’s reaction to a stimulus.(All animal behaviors are caused by stimulus

Question 7

What is a Innate?

Answer 7

it comes from your DNA or the way you have been programmed Ex- fear

Question 8

What is Function of behavior?

Answer 8

to live and to have babies

Question 9

What is imprinting?

Answer 9

newborn recognizes and follows the first moving object they see (E.G. duckling following human)

Question 10

What is conditioning?

Answer 10

a specific stimulus or response leads to a good or a bad outcome

Question 11

What is trial and error learning?

Answer 11

repeated practice that results in a reward and avoids behaviors that result in a punishment

Question 12

What is Insight learning?

Answer 12

using what you know up solve a problem

Question 13

What is Communication?

Answer 13

animals use sounds, scents,body movements to communicate

Question 14

What is Pheromone?

Answer 14

a chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species

Question 15

What is Aggression?

Answer 15

a threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another animal. Aggression is due to competition over limited resources (food, water, space, shelter, and mates)

Question 16

What is Courtship Behavior?

Answer 16

Behavior to prepare for mating

Question 17

What is group behavior?

Answer 17

Behavior cycles that occur over a day

Question 18

What are cells?

Answer 18

basic unit of an organism(life)

Question 19

What are tissues?

Answer 19

group of same cells that have the same function (activity; do the same thing)

Question 20

What are the types of tissues?

Answer 20

muscle, nervous,connective, epithelial (=covering; skin and organ lining)

Question 21

What is an organ?

Answer 21

contains different tissues but performs a specific function (activities) ’heart-pumps blood; stomach-stores food; begins breakdown solid food.

Question 22

What is an organ system?

Answer 22

group of different organs working together to perform a major (complex) function

Question 23

What are the Types of human organ system?

Answer 23

skeletal, muscular, digestive, circulatory(See blew), lymphatic,respiratory, excretory, nervous,
endocrine, reproductive, immune

Question 24

What is Dynamic Equilibrium?

Answer 24

a state of balance in non living,physical system

Question 25

What is Homeostasis (Regulation)?

Answer 25

the process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of change in the environment [a state of balance/stability in living, biologic system]

Question 26

What is the Skeleton function?

Answer 26

shape and support, move,protect organs, produce blood cells, store mineral

Question 27

What is a Vertebrae?

Answer 27

disc-like small bone come together; allows bones to move in different ways

Question 28

What are Ligaments?

Answer 28

tissue holding joints together; bone to bone

Question 29

What are Joints?

Answer 29

where two bones come together; allows bones to move in different ways Immovable joints: no movement

Question 30

What are they joint types?

Answer 30

Hinge point- forward/backward Ball and socket joint- free movement Pivot Joint- side to side rotation Gliding Joint- sliding motion

Question 31

What are Involuntary Muscles?

Answer 31

not under conscious control; example: heart beat, breathing, digesting food

Question 32

What are Voluntary Muscles?

Answer 32

under conscious control; example: facial expressions, walking

Question 33

THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES

Answer 33

Cardiac Muscle: heart only, striated, branching muscle, involuntary muscle does not tire,Smooth Muscle: part of, internal organs and,blood vessels.,not striated,involuntary muscle,moves slowly, tires more slowly

Question 34

What are the function of the SKIN ?

Answer 34

Covers and protects from injury, infection, water loss Regulates body temperature Removes waste (perspiration) Collects environmental information Produces Vitamin D LARGEST ORGAN IN THE HUMAN BODY

Question 35

What does the skin consists of?

Answer 35

epidermis – outer layer -dermis – inner layer -EPIDERMIS (OUTER LAYER): -No nerves, no blood vessels

Question 36

What is Upper Epidermis?

Answer 36

consists of dead cells which shed after two weeks

Question 37

What is the Lower Epidermis (skin producing factory)?

Answer 37

consists of living epidermal cells which divide forming new cells. After two weeks, they die, move upward becoming part of the Upper Epidermis surface layer.

Question 38

What is Melanin?

Answer 38

skin (color) pigment which protects against burning

Question 39

What are DERMIS?

Answer 39

located below the epidermis and above the fat layer

Question 40

What are Oil glands?

Answer 40

waterproof hair and keeps skin moist

Question 41

What are Hair follicle?

Answer 41

site of hair growth

Question 42

What is good for the healthy of your skin?

Answer 42

diet keep clean and dry limit sun exposure See dermatologist every year to check skin for precancerous growths

Question 43

What is Skin Cancer?

Answer 43

over exposure to sunlight can damage skin cells where cells divide uncontrollably (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma). Too much Sun: skin leathery and wrinkled

Question 44

What are the functions of the Digestive System

Answer 44

1. breakdown food into nutrient molecules 2. absorption of nutrient molecules (into Circulatory System) eliminate solid waste (Excretory System) Absorption: nutrient molecules pass through wall of small intestine into bloodstream (Circulatory System)

Question 45

What are the Two (2) types of digestion?

Answer 45

-Mechanical Digestion: physical breakdown by chewing (mouth) and churning (stomach) -Chemical Digestion: chemicals (enzymes, acids) breakdown food. Example: enzymes in

Question 45

what is an Anus?

Answer 45

muscular opening at end of rectum

Question 45

what is Rectum ?

Answer 45

stores undigested solid waste

Question 46

what is an Bile?

Answer 46

stored in gallbladder (below liver); like a “dish detergent” . . . physically breaks down large fat particles into small fat particles.