Flashcards 2
(45 cards)
What is Food?
provides the materials for energy, growth
and repair of tissues.
What are Calorie?
amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
What is Metabolism?
represents the sum of all chemical
reactions that takes place within an organism.
What are Nutrients?
Nutrients: substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all vital processes. There are six nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,minerals and water.
What is the Human Body?
60-75% water
What are Carbohydrates?
major source of quick energy; provides the raw materials to make parts of cells
What are Fats?
stored energy. Fats form part of the
cell membrane and fatty tissue protects
and supports your internal organs and
insulates your body. Brain Development
What is the Heart?
consists of four
(4) chambers that
pumps blood through
out body
What are Blood Vessels Types?
Arteries: carries blood AWAY from heart
Veins: carries blood to heart; has VALVES
Capillaries: tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient & waste exchange between blood and body cells.
What are Arteries?
blood flows away from the heart;
3 cell layers, thick walled, under high blood
pressure
What are Veins?
blood flows towards the heart; Valves
prevent backflow due to low blood pressure; 3 cell layers, thin walled
What are Capillaries?
connect arterioles to veinuoles;
The site of capillaries/tissues is where
nutrient/waste exchange by diffusion takes
place; 1 cell layer
What is a Pulse?
expansion and relaxation of the artery
wall
What is Diffusion (osmosis)?
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (through membrane).
What is Blood Pressure?
caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away from the heart, blood pressure decreases.
What is Blood Composition?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red bone marrow.
What is Plasma?
liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients
(glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2, water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.
What is Red Blood Cells?
carries oxygen to body cells; contains
hemoglobin (iron protein); lifespan 4 months; if blood bright red,
oxygen present, if blood dark red/brown, no oxygen present
What is White Blood Cells?
disease fighting cells; lifespan
months-years; specialized cells
What is Rh Factor?
also surface molecules found on red blood cells
What is the Lymphatic (Filtering) System?
cleans and returns fluid to Circulatory System
What is Transfusion?
transfer of blood from one organism to another organism; if blood clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death
What is Respiratory System?
moves oxygen from atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous waste (CO2 & water vapor)
What is Lymph?
contains water, glucose, white
blood cells
