Flashcard 5
(14 cards)
what is Mitosis?
growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism
what are Nucleus?
membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by a centromere.
what are Chromosome?
X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.
what are DNA Molecule?
consisting of genes, the
“code of life”
what is an Organism?
½ genes mom + ½ genes dad
what is Asexual Reproduction?
simple life 1 parent / 2 daughter cells parent/daughter cells identical appearance
(genes)parent/daughter cell same number of chromosomes
what is Sexual Reproduction?
Two parents (male, female)
daughter cells are a mixture/combination of
genes compared to parent cell (by crossover)
parent to daughter cell different number
of chromosomes
Parent 2x chromosomes compared to
daughter cells
Daughter half (½) chromosomes
compared to parent cell
what is sexual reproduction?
the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female).
what are multiple alleles?
Multiple alleles just means that more than 2 exist. For example, there are 3 alleles for blood type in existence, but healthy individuals will only inherit 2.
What are many gene traits?
A polygenic trait is a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes. Because multiple genes are involved, polygenic traits do not follow the patterns of Mendelian inheritance. Many polygenic traits are also influenced by the environment and are called multifactorial.
what are sex chromosomes?( male)
Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. The Y chromosome is present in males, who have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research.
what are sex linked genes?
Sex-linked, as related to genetics, refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes. In humans, the term often refers to traits or disorders influenced by genes on the X chromosome, as it contains many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome
what are sex chromosomes?( Female)
Males have XY sex chromosomes while females have XX sex chromosomes; the male can contribute the X or Y chromosome, while the female must contribute one of their X chromosomes.
What are carriers?
A hereditary carrier, is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but usually does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease. Carriers are, however, able to pass the allele onto their offspring, who may then express the genetic trait.
