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HEMATOLOGY 1 > Flow cytometry and Cytometry > Flashcards

Flow cytometry and Cytometry Flashcards

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1
Q

Most common clinical application of flow cytometry

A

Diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas

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2
Q

Flow cytometry’s original purpose

A

To evaluate physical properties of cells based on their ability to deflect light

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3
Q

Discovery that improved flow cytometry

A

Development of monoclonal antibodies

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4
Q

Particles studied in flow cytometry

A

Cells, chromosomes, microorganisms, proteins

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5
Q

Properties measured by flow cytometry

A

Physical, antigenic, and functional properties of particles suspended in a fluid

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6
Q

Components of a flow cytometer

A

Fluidics, light source (laser), multiple detectors, computer

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7
Q

Main advantage of flow cytometry

A

Ability to quickly and simultaneously analyze multiple parameters in a large number of cells

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8
Q

Specimens commonly analyzed by flow cytometry

A

Bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymphoid tissues, body cavity fluids, solid tissues

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9
Q

Processing time for peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens

A

Must be processed within 24 to 48 hours from time of collection

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10
Q

Preferred anticoagulant for specimens in flow cytometry

A

Heparin

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11
Q

Flow cytometry specimen transportation

A

Transported at room temperature

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12
Q

Meaning of LASER

A

Light Amplified by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Photon is the basic unit of radiation)

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13
Q

Flow cytometry antigen detection

A

Can detect 17 antigens on an individual cell simultaneously using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes

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14
Q

Flow cytometry analysis method

A

Cells must pass separately through the illumination and detection system

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15
Q

Method for individual cell analysis

A

Hydrodynamic focusing (cells aligned in a core surrounded by sheath fluid)

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16
Q

Fluorescence detection in flow cytometry

A

Particles emit fluorescent signals detected by detectors, converted to digital output

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17
Q

Additional signals recorded in flow cytometry

A

Forward scatter (FS), Side scatter (SS), and fluorescence

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18
Q

Forward scatter (FS) detection

A

Measures particle volume or size, detected by a photodetector aligned with the laser beam

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19
Q

Side scatter (SS) detection

A

Measures surface complexity and internal structures (granules and vacuoles), detected by a photodetector positioned to the side

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20
Q

Display and registration of flow cytometry signals

A

FS, SS, and fluorescence displayed simultaneously on the instrument screen and registered by the computer system

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21
Q

Markers for Immature lineage

A

CD 34, CD 117, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

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22
Q

Markers for Granulocytic/Monocytic lineage

A

CD 33, CD 13, CD 15, CD 14

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23
Q

Markers for Erythroid lineage

A

CD 71, Glycophorin A

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24
Q

Markers for Megakaryocytic lineage

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A

CD 41, CD 42, CD 61

25
Markers for B lymphocytes
CD 19, CD 20, CD 22, κ Light chain, λ Light chain
26
Markers for T lymphocytes
CD 2, CD 3, CD 4, CD 5, CD 7, CD 8
27
Study of chemical constituents of cells
"Cytochemistry definition
28
Enzymatic technique specimen requirement
Fresh smears
29
Nonenzymatic technique specimen stability
Stable for months at room temperature (e.g., PAS/SBB)
30
Enzymes seen in primary granules of neutrophils
eosinophils
31
Use of MYELOPEROXIDASE (MPO)
Used to differentiate blasts of AML from ALL
32
Positive MPO stain interpretation
Rules out ALL
33
Positive MPO results
Neutrophilic granulocytes (except normal blasts), Auer rods, leukemic blasts in FAB M1, M2, M3, eosinophils
34
Weakly positive or negative MPO results
Monocytes
35
Negative MPO results
Myeloblasts, basophils, lymphocytic cell series, erythrocytic cell series
36
Stain reactions parallel those of MPO’s in most cases
"SUDAN BLACK B (SBB)"
37
SUDAN BLACK B (SBB) stains
Sterols, neutral fats, phospholipids (found in primary and secondary granules of neutrophils and lysosomal granules of monocytes)
38
Positive SBB results
Promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocytes, bands, segmented neutrophils (STRONGLY POSITIVE), leukemic blasts, Auer rods, eosinophils
39
Weakly positive or negative SBB results
Myeloblasts, monocytic cells
40
Negative SBB results
Lymphocytes and its precursors, megakaryocytes and platelets, erythrocytes
41
Stain to differentiate acute granulocytic leukemias from monocytic leukemias
"ESTERASES"
42
Esters substrates
α-naphthyl acetate, α-naphthyl butyrate (nonspecific), Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate (specific)
43
α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) positive results
Monocytes (strong positive reaction), positive for certain cell types
44
α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) weakly positive or negative results
Granulocytes, lymphoid cells
45
α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) negative results
Monocytes (with NaF inhibition)
46
α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE) positive results
Monocytes, positive for certain cell types
47
α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE) weakly positive or negative results
Granulocytes, lymphoid cells
48
α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE) negative results
Monocytes (with NaF inhibition)
49
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase positive results
Promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, bands, segmented neutrophils, leukemic myeloblasts, Auer rods
50
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase weakly positive or negative results
Monocytic cells
51
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase negative results
Myeloblasts (variable), monoblasts, promonocytes, monocytes
52
Stain for glycogen
"PERIODIC ACID-SCHIFF (PAS)"
53
PERIODIC ACID-SCHIFF (PAS) is useful in identifying
"FAB M6 leukemia"
54
Strongly positive Leukemia using PERIODIC ACID-SCHIFF (PAS) REACTION
"RBCs in erythroleukemia (FAB M6)"
55
Normal erythroid precursors reaction in PAS
"negative"
56
Enzyme marker for primitive lymphoid cells
"TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE (TdT)"
57
Strong TdT activity – observed in approximately 90% of patients with
"ALL"
58
Helpful in the recognition of the 'lymphoblastic transformation' of CML
"TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE (TdT)"

HEMATOLOGY 1 (29 decks)

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