Poikilocytes

Question 1

Increased number of red cells with variation in shape

Answer 1

Poikilocytosis

Question 2

RBCs almost spherical, lacking central pallor, associated with hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, burns, ABO HDN, and transfusion of stored blood

Answer 2

Spherocytes

Question 3

Key area to avoid misidentifying spherocytes in a blood film

Answer 3

Feathered edge of the blood film

Question 4

Condition causing natural RBC death, leading to spherocytic red cells

Answer 4

Normal RBC death

Question 5

RBCs elongated with a slit-like central pallor, also known as mouth cells

Answer 5

Stomatocytes

Question 6

Poikilocyte seen in:
Rh deficiency syndrome
alcoholism
electrolyte imbalance
severe liver diseases

Answer 6

Stomatocytes

Also in overhydrated hereditary/dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis

Question 7

Most common form of stomatocytosis, characterized by the presence of xerocytes

Answer 7

Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (Hereditary xerocytosis)

Question 8

Dehydrated form of stomatocyte, appears half-light and half-dark

Answer 8

Xerocyte

Question 9

RBCs with irregularly spiculated surface, also known as thorn cells or spur cells

Answer 9

Acanthocytes

Question 10

Condition characterized by defective apo B synthesis and absence of VLDL, LDL, and chylomicrons in plasma

Answer 10

Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen Kornzweig syndrome or Hereditary acanthocytosis)

Question 11

Poikilocytes seen in McLeod Syndrome, Pyruvate kinase deficiency, Hepatic hemangioma, Neonatal hepatitis, After heparin administration, Postsplenectomy, Cirrhosis of the liver with hemolytic anemia

Answer 11

Acanthocytes

Question 12

Syndrome with cirrhosis-associated hemolytic anemia and normal platelets

Answer 12

TAR syndrome

Question 13

RBCs with regularly spiculated surface

Answer 13

Burr cells

also known as echinocytes

Question 14

Condition associated with Burr cells, characterized by increased plasma urea, acidemia, and electrolyte imbalance (K+ elevation)

Answer 14

Uremia

Question 15

Key features of uremia

Answer 15

normocytic, normochromic anemia, uremic frost, generalized edema,foul breath,urine-like sweat

Question 16

Enzyme deficiency also associated with Burr cells

Answer 16

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Question 17

Oval-shaped RBCs associated with hereditary ovalocytosis, especially in Southeast Asia

Answer 17

Ovalocytes

Question 18

Elliptical (cigar-shaped) RBCs associated with hereditary elliptocytosis and other conditions like thalassemia

Answer 18

Elliptocytes

Question 19

Conditions associated with ovalocytes

Answer 19

Hereditary ovalocytosis (Southeast Asian ovalocytosis)

Question 20

Conditions associated with elliptocytes

Answer 20

Hereditary elliptocytosis,thalassemia,hereditary leptocytosis

Question 21

Pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped RBCs, also known as tear drop cells

Answer 21

Dacryocytes

Question 22

Condition associated with dacryocytes, characterized by splenomegaly, marrow hypercellularity, increased megakaryocytes, and fibrosis

Answer 22

Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF)

Question 23

Poikilocytes associated with Megaloblastic anemia, myelophthisic anemia, drug-induced Heinz body formation, tuberculosis, tumor metastasis to bone marrow, thalassemia, some hemolytic anemias

Answer 23

Dacryocytes

Question 24

Type of neoplasm PMF is categorized under

Answer 24

Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)

Question 25

Peripheral blood smear findings in PMF

Answer 25

Immature granulocytes,normoblasts,dacryocytes,and other bizarre RBC shapes

Question 26

Fragmented RBCs seen in conditions like MAHAs and artificial heart valves

Answer 26

Schistocytes

Question 27

Disorders classified as MAHAs characterized by RBC fragmentation and thrombocytopenia (e.g., TTP, HUS)

Answer 27

TTP,HELLP syndrome,HUS,DIC

Question 28

Condition associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and schistocytes

Answer 28

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Question 29

Key feature of MAHAs causing RBC fragmentation

Answer 29

Narrowing or obstruction of small blood vessels by fibrin or platelet aggregates

Question 30

Specific type of schistocyte with a distinct shape, seen in MAHAs | Microangiopathic Anemia

Answer 30

Helmet cell

Question 31

Alternative names for DIC, characterized by generalized over-activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems

Answer 31

Defibrination syndrome,consumption coagulopathy

Question 32

Tests used to diagnose DIC

Answer 32

D-dimer test,PF 1+2 (Prothrombin fragment)

Question 33

Conditions associated with DIC (TOMASA)

Answer 33

* Tissue trauma * Obstetric complications * Mucus-secreting tumors * Acute infections (e.g., malaria * Gram-negative septicemia) * Snake bites * Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Question 34

RBCs that are sickle- or crescent-shaped, also known as sickle cell menisocytes

Answer 34

Drepanocytes

Question 35

Conditions associated with drepanocytes (e.g., sickle cell anemia, Hemoglobin SC disease)

Answer 35

Sickle cell anemia,Hemoglobin SC disease

Question 36

Two forms of drepanocytes

Answer 36

Irreversible sickle cell and oat-shaped cells

Question 37

Distinguishing oat-shaped cells from other forms of drepanocytes

Answer 37

Oat-shaped cells have long projections and return to the biconcave disk shape upon reoxygenation

Question 38

RBCs showing a centrally stained area with a thin outer rim of hemoglobin, also known as codocytes or leptocytes

Answer 38

Target cells

Question 39

Conditions associated with target cells, including liver disease and thalassemia

Answer 39

Liver disease,certain hemoglobinopathies,thalassemia (Hereditary leptocytosis,Mediterranean anemia),LCAT deficiency

Question 40

Key characteristic of codocytes, seen both in vivo and under electron microscopy

Answer 40

Increased cell membrane-to-volume ratio,appearing bell-shaped

Question 41

RBCs with a semicircular defect in their edge, resembling a bite mark, also known as degmatocytes

Answer 41

Bite cells

Question 42

Condition associated with bite cells

Answer 42

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency

Question 43

RBCs that are folded, resembling a biscuit shape

Answer 43

Biscuit cells

Question 44

Condition associated with biscuit cells

Answer 44

Hemoglobin SC disease

Question 45

RBCs with bipolar or central distribution of hemoglobin, associated with sickle cell anemia

Answer 45

Bronze elliptocytes

Question 46

Large pale-pink staining ghost of a red cell, seen in malaria and other conditions causing overt hemolysis

Answer 46

Semilunar body

Question 47

Alternative names for target cells

Answer 47

Codocytes,leptocytes,bull's eye cells,Mexican hat cells,Greek helmet cells,platycytes

Question 48

Alternative name for stomatocytes

Answer 48

Mouth cells

Question 49

Alternative name for helmet cells

Answer 49

Helmet-shaped schistocytes

Question 50

Alternative name for dacryocytes

Answer 50

Teardrop cells

Question 51

Alternative name for acanthocytes

Answer 51

Thorn cells,spur cells

Question 52

Alternative description for schistocytes

Answer 52

Fragmented RBCs