Fluid, Electrolyte, pH (Lab Practical)

Question 1

Process in maintaining our body fluids in order for our body to function well.

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

What is the internal environment of the body:

Answer 2

body fluids: physical and chemical properties

Question 3

Properties of fluids:

Answer 3

temperature, blood pH, blood sugar, water balance, blood pressure, ion balance

Question 4

The fluid component of the body includes:

Answer 4

solids, fluids

Question 5

The majority of the body’s mass is:

Answer 5

fluids

Question 6

Fluids include:

Answer 6

intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, blood

Question 7

Body fluid compartments:

Answer 7

intracellular, extracellular

Question 8

Total Body Water component is about:

Answer 8

42L

Question 9

2/3 body fluid is ____ the cells.

Answer 9

inside

Question 10

What separates the different types of fluids?

Answer 10

membranes

Question 11

What separates the ICF from ECF?

Answer 11

cell membrane

Question 12

What separates interstitial fluid from blood plasma?

Answer 12

wall of blood vessels (mainly capillaries)

Question 13

Membranes carry out the function of:

Answer 13

selective permeability

Question 14

Term for ability to control and regulate the movement of substances from one area to another:

Answer 14

selective permeability

Question 15

First space:

Answer 15

intravascular space (in blood)

Question 16

Second space:

Answer 16

interstitial space

Question 17

Third space:

Answer 17

fluid in pleural cavity, peritoneal, pleural, thoracic cavity (not normal–do not want fluids to build up in these cavities)

Question 18

Chief component of all body fluids:

Answer 18

water

Question 19

Water is essential in maintaining:

Answer 19

form and texture of tissue, maintaining body heat, transport medium for vitamins, enzymes, electrolytes, hormones, etc.

Question 20

What is the default because of what we need to do to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 20

dehydration

Question 21

Water loss mainly occurs in the:

Answer 21

kidneys (have to get rid of metabolic wastes)

Question 22

Water loss from the kidneys, lungs, skin, GI tract, is called:

Answer 22

obligatory water loss

Question 23

Water loss occurs in the (from least to greatest in volume):

Answer 23

GI tract, lungs, skin, kidneys

Question 24

Water gains rely on triggering a ____ to offset water loss. This behavior then requires a _____.

Answer 24

behavior; reflex

Question 25

Water loss is countered by _____.

Answer 25

water gain

Question 26

Water gain occurs with the _____ and ____.

Answer 26

digestive tract (ingested foods and liquids), metabolic water

Question 27

Water manufactured through metabolic processes:

Answer 27

metabolic water

Question 28

Water is gained through what metabolic process:

Answer 28

cellular respiration

Question 29

Water gained from the food we eat is called:

Answer 29

preformed water

Question 30

To prevent dehydration the body relies on:

Answer 30

triggering a behavior (such as getting a glass of water or eating food)

Question 31

To activate a behavior it requires a:

Answer 31

reflex

Question 32

Parts of a reflex (for dehydration)

Answer 32

stimulus (dehydration), receptor (detects change), hypothalamus, motor response (behavior)

Question 33

osmoreceptors

Answer 33

detect that fluid levels are low

Question 34

Control center in hypothalamus (for dehydration):

Answer 34

thirst center

Question 35

fluid levels are usually measured in ____ (broad term)

Answer 35

concentration

Question 36

Mass to volume relationship:

Answer 36

concentration

Question 37

When you over or under hydrate you change ____.

Answer 37

the concentration of the fluid

Question 38

What are the ions related to acids and bases:

Answer 38

H+ and OH-

Question 39

Term for a substance which when dissolved into water produces hydrogen ions:

Answer 39

acid

Question 40

Term for any substance which when dissolved into water produces hydroxide ions (OH-):

Answer 40

base

Question 41

When you maintain acid-base balance, you are also maintaining (another term):

Answer 41

pH

Question 42

Normal blood pH:

Answer 42

7.35-7.45

Question 43

blood below 7.35 on pH

Answer 43

acidosis (acid)

Question 44

blood above 7.45 on pH

Answer 44

alkalosis (base)

Question 45

Blood is slightly:

Answer 45

basic

Question 46

What disrupts blood pH?

Answer 46

eating, metabolic wastes

Question 47

Protective features in body to help maintain pH at its optimal level by addition or removal of hydrogen ions:

Answer 47

buffers

Question 48

Two types of buffer systems:

Answer 48

chemical buffer system and physiological buffer system

Question 49

First line of defense against pH shift:

Answer 49

chemical buffer system

Question 50

Second line of defense against pH shift:

Answer 50

physiological buffers

Question 51

Physiological buffers include:

Answer 51

body systems: respiratory and renal

Question 52

Chemical buffers include:

Answer 52

Carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system, phosphate buffer system, protein buffer system, hemoglobin buffer system

Question 53

Primary ECF buffer:

Answer 53

carbonic acid: bicarbonate buffer system

Question 54

Primary ICF buffer:

Answer 54

protein buffer system

Question 55

Primary buffer in blood:

Answer 55

hemoglobin buffer system (carbonic acid: bicarbonate system)

Question 56

Important urinary buffer (kidneys and cytoplasm of body cells)

Answer 56

phosphate buffer system

Question 57

(2nd line of defense) Lungs maintain pH by:

Answer 57

exhalation (must be volatile acid)

Question 58

Volatile acid goes from:

Answer 58

liquid to gas instantaneously

Question 59

Examples of volatile acid:

Answer 59

alcohol, acetic acid (diabetic in ketoacidosis), acetone (made in liver)

Question 60

If lungs can't get rid of acid they get rid of more ____ as a substitute:

Answer 60

CO2 = acid

Question 61

By increasing respiration you get rid of more _____.

Answer 61

CO2

Question 62

3rd line of pH control (and main pH controlling organism):

Answer 62

kidneys (renal regulation)

Question 63

Kidneys remove acid through ____ and generate _____to neutralize acid (H+):

Answer 63

urine; bicarbonate ions

Question 64

Main pH control is regulated by:

Answer 64

kidneys/renal regulation