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VN LAB FINAL > Fluids > Flashcards

Flashcards in Fluids Deck (10)
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1
Q

Intracellar Fluid (ICF)

Extracellar Fluid (ECF)

A

Intracellar fluid

40% water

Extracellar fluid

20% water

Interstitial (15%)

Intervascular (5%)

2
Q

Electrolytes

Cations (+) vs Anions (-)

A

Cations

Sodium

Phosphate

Potassium

Anions

Bicarbonate

Chloride

3
Q

Fluid exchanges in

A

Capillary walls

4
Q

Crystalloids vs Colloids

Additives

A

Crystalloids (Diffusible)

Isotonic - 0.9% NaCl, LRS, Normosol, Plasmalyte

Hypotonic - 5% Dextrose, .25% NS, .45% NS

Hypertonic - 0.9% NaCl w. 5% Dextrose, 10% Dextrose w. H20, 3% NS

Colloids (non diffusible)

Natural - plasma, Albumin, Whole Blood

Synthetic - Dextran, Hydroxyethyl starch, Oxypolygelatin

Additives

Calcium

Vitamins

Potassium

50% dextrose

Sodium bicarbonate

5
Q

Isotonic

Hypotonic

Hypertonic

A

Isotonic

Equal particles inside and outside cell

Same osmotic pressure

Hypotonic

Less particles outside the cell

Low osmotic pressure

RBC Swells

Hypertonic

More particles outside the cell

High osmotic pressure

RBC shrinks

6
Q

Fluid routes

A

IP

  • DO NOT use hypertonic solution
  • DO NOT use in abdominal surgery
  • Aseptic technique
  • Possible sepsis

SQ

  • ONLY Isotonic solution
  • Possible infection

Oral

  • DO NOT use if vomitting
  • Less absorption
  • Possible aspiration

IV

  • Must be sterile
  • can use various tonicity
  • More accurate amount
  • Possible overload
  • vessel damage
7
Q

Fluid Calculation

Micro vs Macro Drip

A

Maintanence: 60mL/kg/day

Rehydration: Dehydration % X Weight (kg) = L

Convert into mL

Total daily fluids: Maint. + Rehydration

Fluid loss (Vomitting): Total daily fluids + loss (mL)

Microdrip: 60gtt/mL (pediatric and small animals)

Macrodrip: 15gtt/mL (Adults and large animals)

8
Q

Fluid Parts

A

9
Q

Goal of emergency

A
  • Oxygenation of vital organs
  • Promote gas exchange (respiratory system)
  • Adequate perfusion of blood to organs and tissue (Cardiovascular system)

Obtain info client

Age, sex, weight, breed

Time of injury

Pre-existing illness and medications

Nature of injury

Condition of the animal

10
Q

Signs of dehydration

Signs of overhydration

A

Dehydration

  • Slow CRP
  • sunken eyes
  • tenting of skin
  • increase PCV
  • decrease SV
  • decrease BP
  • Tacky mm

Overhydration

  • increase cvp
  • coughing
  • pulmonary edema
  • increase HR
  • clear nasal discharge
  • Restless