Fluoride

Question 1

_____% of adults aged 20-64 have had dental caries in permanent teeth

Answer 1

92%

Question 2

___% of adults aged 20-64 have untreated decay

Answer 2

26

Question 3

A supplement to caries prevention-not a solution on its own:

Answer 3

Fluoride

Question 4

Fluoride is a _____ to caries prevention but not a ______ on its own

Answer 4

supplement; prevention

Question 5

What is the priority to to caries control?

Answer 5

oral hygiene/plaque control

Question 6

What must be addressed with the patient as an aspect of caries control?

Answer 6

Dietary habits

Question 7

Type of fluoride therapy in which Ingested agents that become incorporated into forming tooth structure:

Answer 7

systemic application

Question 8

Type of fluoride therapy characterized by strengthening the teeth already in the mouth, making them more resistant to caries:

Answer 8

Topical application

Question 9

What are the two types of fluoride therapy?

Answer 9

1. Systemic application
2. Topical application

Question 10

Systemic application of fluoride therapy includes: (3)

Answer 10

1. water
2. supplements
3. food/beverages

Question 11

Topical application of fluoride therapy include: (3)

Answer 11

1. water
2. homecare (toothpaste, mouth rinses, etc.)
3. in-office products

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of systemic fluoride therapy?

Answer 12

Ingested and incorporated into enamel during development of tooth structures

Question 13

What are the mechanisms of action of topical fluoride therapy? (2)

Answer 13

1. promoted remineralization and prevents demineralization after eruption
2. inhibits glycolysis in bacteria, thereby inhibiting the ability of bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates and produce acid

Question 14

What type of fluoride therapy inhibits glycolysis in bacteria?

Answer 14

topical therapy

Question 15

An increase of the natural fluoride level in a community’s water supply to a level optimal for dental health:

Answer 15

Water fluoridation

Question 16

Fluoridation of water has contributed to a major decline in _______ from the 1950s to 1980s and continues to:

Answer 16

dental caries; reduce/prevent tooth decay

Question 17

When cities discontinue water fluoridation, evidence demonstrates:

Answer 17

rapid increase in caries rates

Question 18

Considered one of the most cost-effective preventive dental program by public health:

Answer 18

water fluoridation

Question 19

Benefits of water fluoridation include:

1. ____ decrease in caries in primary dentition
2. _____ decrease in children/adolescent permanent dentition
3. approximately ____ decrease in coronal caries and ______ decrease in root caries in adult population

Answer 19

1. 30-39%
2. 35%
3. 20-30% ; 20-40%

Question 20

What do we mean by shooting for an “optimal” level of water fluoridation?

Answer 20

Optimal= minimal caries with minimal fluorosis

(just the right amount)

Question 21

______ ppm decreases caries with less than _____% of population with fluorosis

Answer 21

.7 ppm; 10%

Question 22

What is the optimal level of water fluoridation?

Answer 22

0.6 ppm - 1.2 ppm

Question 23

Changes in the appearance of enamel caused by too much systemic fluoride:

Answer 23

Fluorosis

Question 24

Fluorosis is a change in the appearance of enamel caused by too much:

Answer 24

Systemic fluoride

Question 25

What can be seen in the following image?

Answer 25

Fluorosis

Question 26

Discuss how you can distinguish between demineralization of tooth structures and fluorosis:

Answer 26

Upon exploring, demineralized tooth structure will feel rough, whereas fluorosis will feel smooth

Question 27

The image on the left shows ______, while the image on the right shows _____

Answer 27

Left: demineralization of tooth structures Right: Fluorosis

Question 28

Teeth are comprised of ____ inorganic substances, by comparison bones are typically around _____ inorganic

Answer 28

99% 70%

Question 29

Teeth are comprised of: _____% minerals _____% water _____% proteins

Answer 29

95% minerals 4% water 1% proteins

Question 30

A tooth is composed primarily of minerals (95%). These minerals include:

Answer 30

Primarily calcium & phosphorus which bond together to form hard crystallites

Question 31

Fluoride is deposited into enamel during enamel maturation phase, resulting in a concentration of fluoride in the enamel:

Answer 31

Topical fluoride therapy

Question 32

Topical fluoride therapy is deposited into the _______ during the _______ phase, resulting in a concentration of fluoride in the enamel

Answer 32

enamel; enamel maturation

Question 33

When using topical fluoride, the highest concentration occurs in the ______ portion (5-10 microns) and decreases as you ______

Answer 33

outermost; move toward the dentin

Question 34

When using topical fluoride, fluoride ions are substituted in the _____ and form a stable, more compact bond, making the tooth resistant to ____

Answer 34

hydroxyapatite crystal; demineralization

Question 35

Topical fluoride does NOT cause:

Answer 35

Fluorosis

Question 36

The enamel's reaction to fluoride is influence by: (3)

Answer 36

1. concentration of fluoride 2. pH of fluoride 3. length of exposure

Question 37

Acidic fluorides typically form:

Answer 37

Calcium fluoride

Question 38

Higher concentrations of fluoride form:

Answer 38

Calcium fluoride

Question 39

In office fluorides are > _____ ppm so they typically form ______

Answer 39

9000 ppm; calcium fluoride

Question 40

Fluorides you can buy over the counter are considered:

Answer 40

Neutral fluorides

Question 41

Neutral fluorides < _____ ppm form _____

Answer 41

100 ppm; fluorapatite

Question 42

Benefits of topical fluoride include: (3)

Answer 42

1. remineralization 2. interferes with bacterial metabolism 3. prevention

Question 43

Types of topical fluoride applications:

Answer 43

1) 2% Neutral sodium fluoride (9000 ppm) foam or gel application 2) 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) (12,300 ppm) foam or gel 3) 5.0% NaF (22,600 ppm) varnish

Question 44

1) 2% Neutral sodium fluoride (9000 ppm) foam or gel application 2) 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) (12,300 ppm) foam or gel 3) 5.0% NaF (22,600 ppm) varnish Of the listed types of topical fluoride applications, which label which are commonly/rarely used in practice:

Answer 44

1) rarely used in practices 2) rarely used in practices 3) commonly used in practices

Question 45

Initial deposits of fluoride is:

Answer 45

NOT permanent

Question 46

What happens to the topical fluoride after 24 hours after the initial application:

Answer 46

relatively rapid loss

Question 47

What happens to the topical fluoride in the several weeks following the initial application:

Answer 47

Loss continues for several weeks

Question 48

After every application of topical fluoride, there is an increase in the amount of _____ fluoride in the ______

Answer 48

permanently bound; outermost layer of enamel

Question 49

After every application of topical fluoride, there is an increase in the amount of permanently fluoride in the outermost layer of enamel. This causes:

Answer 49

A decrease in caries susceptibility (initiation & progression)