Grasp, Fulcrum, Periodontal instruments & probing Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Grasp for holding periodontal instruments, that allows precise control of the working-end, permits a wide range of movement & facilitates good tactile conduction:
A
The modified pen grasp
2
Q
This image shows:
A
Modified pen grasp
3
Q
In the modified pen grasp, ____ & _____ hold the instrument
A
thumb & index finger
4
Q
In the modified pen grasp, the ____ stabilizes
A
middle finger
5
Q
In the modified pen grasp, the _____ is used to fulcrum (hinge/pivot)
A
Ring finger
6
Q
In the modified pen grasp, the ____ is used to roll the instrument
A
thumb
7
Q
In the modified pen grasp, fingers maintain contact & work together to:
A
adapt the instrument
8
Q
Where does movement come from in the modified pen grasp?
A
The wrist
9
Q
Placement on the instrument, functioning to hold the instrument:
A
index & thumb
10
Q
Placement rests slightly on the shank, functions to help guide the working end & feels vibrations transmitted from the working-end to the shank:
A
middle finger
11
Q
Placement is on oral structure (often a tooth surface), and functions to stabilize the hand for control and strength:
A
ring finger
12
Q
Placement near ring finger, held in a natural, relaxed manner and has no function in the grasp:
A
pinky finger
13
Q
stabilizing point for clinician’s hand during instrumentation:
A
fulcrum
14
Q
The three types of fulcruming techniques include:
A
- intraoral
- extraoral
- advanced
15
Q
_______ fulcrums provide the best stability for the clinician’s hand, decreases the likelihood of injury to the patient or clinician, and provides the best leverage and strength for instrumentation
A
standard intraoral fulcrum
16
Q
a stabilizing point inside the patient’s mouth, against a tooth surface:
A
Intraoral fulcrum
17
Q
a stabilizing point outside the patient’s mouth (e.g., against the patient’s chin or cheek)
A
Extraoral fulcrum
18
Q
What fulcrum is shown in the image?
A
Intraoral fulcrum
19
Q
Intraoral fulcrums can be ____ or ____
A
palm up or palm down
20
Q
What fulcrum is shown in the image?
A
advanced fulcrum
21
Q
Parts of the periodontal instrument include: (3)
A
- handle
- shank
- working-end
22
Q
Part of the periodontal instrument used for holding the instrument:
A
handle
23
Q
Part of the periodontal instrument that is the rod-shaped length of metal located between the handle and working-end of an instrument:
A
shank
24
Q
Part of the periodontal instrument that does the work:
A
working-end
25
Label the following parts of the periodontal instrument:
a) handle
b) shank
c) working-end
26
Label the following parts of the periodontal instrument:
a) handle
b) shank
c) working-end
27
Label the following parts of the periodontal instrument:
a) handle
b) shank
c) working-end
28
The parts of the shank include:
1. functional shank
2. terminal shank
29
The part of the shank that allows the working-end to be adapted to the tooth surface; begins below the working-end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest the handle:
functional shank
30
The portion of the functional shank nearest to the working-end:
terminal shank
31
Label the following parts of the shank:
a) terminal shank
b) working-end
c) functional shank
32
A shank that is bent in one plane (front-to-back):
simple shank
33
A simple shank can also be called:
straight shank
34
Simple shanks are used primarily on:
anterior teeth
35
What type of shank is seen in the following image?
simple shank
36
What type of shank is seen in the following image?
complex shank
37
A shank that has been bent in two plane (front-to-back & side-to-side):
complex shank
38
A complex shank may also be called:
angled/curved shank
39
A complex shank is used on:
posterior teeth
40
When determining if your shank is simple or complex, hold the instrument so that the:
working-end is facing you
41
If an instrument (shank) when viewed from the front appears to be straight, this is a:
simple shank
42
If an instrument (shank) when viewed from the front appears to be bent from side-to-side, this is a:
complex shank
43
Label which shank is simple, and which is complex:
A) Simple
B) Complex
44
The function of an instrument is determined, primarily, by the:
design of the working-end
45
The two main types of periodontal hand instruments include:
1. sickle scalers
2. curettes
46
Sickle scalers are ____ in cross-section of the blade
triangular
47
What type of scaling are sickle scalers used for?
Supragingival
48
How many cutting edges are present on a sickle scaler:
two
49
Curettes are ____ in cross-section of the blade
rounded
50
What type of scaling are curettes used for?
supra- and subgingival scaling
51
______ and ______ curette instruments are available
universal & area-specific
52
How many cutting edges are present on universal curettes?
2
53
How many cutting edges are present on area-specific curettes?
1
54
The end of a sickle scaler is a _____ while the end of a curette is a ____
tip; toe
55
What are the arrows pointing to in the following images?
Cutting edges
56
Describe the following aspects of a sickle scaler:
End:
Cutting-edge:
Angulation:
Cross-section:
Blade:
End: pointed toe
Cutting-edge: 2
Angulation: 90 degrees
Cross-section: triangular
Blade: straight
57
Describe the following aspects of a universal curette:
End:
Cutting-edge:
Angulation:
Cross-section:
Blade:
End: rounded
Cutting-edge: 2
Angulation: 90 degrees
Cross-section: half-eliptical
Blade: straight
58
Describe the following aspects of an area-specific curette (gracey's curette)
End:
Cutting-edge:
Angulation:
Cross-section:
Blade:
End: rounded
Cutting-edge: 1 (lower end)
Angulation: 70 degrees
Cross-section: half-eliptical
Blade: curved away from cutting edge
59
Important for maintaining contact of working-end and tooth structure during instrumentation:
Adaptation
60
Incorrect adaptation resutls in:
ineffective calculus removal & tissue laceration
61
Important for efficient plaque and calculus removal:
activation
62
______, _____ & _____ work as a unit in activation of an instrument
wrist, hand & forearm
63
For activation, what is NOT effective, and what might this cause?
Finger pulling; operator fatigue
64
Components that contribute to activation of an instrument include: (5)
1. blade adaptation
2. instrument angulation
3. blade insertion
4. lateral pressure
5. working stroke
65
Refers to the angle between the face of a bladed instrument and the tooth surface:
angulation
66
Angulation refers to the angle between:
face of a bladed instrument & tooth surface
67
Instrument used to search into and explore thoroughly:
Periodontal probe
68
The MOST important instrument used for assessing and diagnosing periodontitis:
periodontal probe
69
What is a periodontal probe used to measure? (9)
1. probing depth
2. gingival recession
3. size of pathologic lesions
4. clinical attachment level
5. furcation involvement
6. distance between teeth
7. amount of attached gingiva
8. bleeding on probing
9. overbite/overjet
70
A slender, tapered, blunt instrument with millimeter markings on it:
periodontal probe
71
What is probing inaccuracy related to? (3)
1. probe design
2. pressure applied
3. contour of tooth
72
Probing depth usually correlates to:
attachment loss
73
Probing depth is always an objective measure of the:
Distance between the base of the pocket and the crest of the gingiva (regardless of attachment loss)
74
Readings of probing depths may change over time due to:
changes in position of the gingival margin
75
Label the following types of probes:
a) implant probe
b) periodontal assessment probe
c) periodontal assessment probe
d) biotype probe
76
Used to evaluate the bone support in the furcation areas of bifurcated & trifurcated teeth:
Nabers (furcation) probe
77
When using a nabers probe, the correct working-end of the probe is when the lower (terminal) shank is positioned:
Parallel to the tooth surface being examined
78
Of the following images of a nabers probe, which is showing the correct use?
Top- correct
79
When using a nabers probe you do not need to read mm marking when:
identifying class of furcation
80
What type of probe is seen in this image?
Nabers (furcation) probe
81
act of walking the tip of the probe along the junctional epithelium (JE) within the sulcus or pocket for the purpose of assessing the health status of periodontal tissues:
probing
82
The movement of a calibrated probe around the perimeter of the base of a sulcus/pocket:
walking stroke
83
When probing, it is essential to evaluate the entire "length" of the pocket base, because:
The JE is not necessarily at a uniform level around the tooth
84
Probing is the act of walking the tip of a probe along the ______ within the sulcus or pocket, for the purpose of assessing the health status, of the periodontal tissues
Junctional epithelium (JE)
85
What grasp should be used for holding the probe?
Modified pen grasp
86
When probing, you should fulcrum:
Close to the tooth you are probing
87
When probing, ______ of the probe should always contact the tooth
working-end
88
When probing, the probe should be _____ to the long axis of the tooth, around all proximal surfaces, except when probing the ______ (due to the ____)
parallel; interproximal spaces; gingival col
89
When probing, where should the probe be placed?
below the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus
90
When probing, place the probe below the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus using _____ of pressure
10-15 grams
91
In health, the probe will stop at the:
junctional epitheliun
92
In disease, the probe will go into the:
connective tissue (not stop at the junctional epithelium)
93
Your probing depth will be calculated based on the line you see at the:
Gingival margin
94
After the probe is inserted you should keep the probe _____ as you move along the tooth
subgingival
95
Keep the probe subgingival as you move along the tooth and _____ along the circumference of the tootg
hop
96
When probing, begin at the ______ and back into the _____ aspect of the tooth; move forward toward the ____
distal line angle; distal; mesial
97
If you get multiple different measurements when probing your readings should be the:
deepest
98
Probing measures six sites per tooth, these include:
1. Distofacial
2. facial
3. mesiofacial
4. distolingual
5. lingual
6. mesiolingual
99
PD=
Probing depth/pocket depth
100
GM=
Gingival margin (measuring recession or overgrowth)
101
ATTACH=
Clinical attachment loss (CAL)
102
BOP=
Bleeding on probing
103
Base of pocket to gingival margin is the measure of the:
PD
104
CEJ to base of pocket is the measure of the:
Attachment level
105
CEJ to gingival margin (GM) is the measure of:
Recession
106
If the PD=2mm and the GM=3mm, then the attachment loss=
5mm
107
If the measurment for the gingival margin is (+), then:
recession is present
108
If the measurement for the gingival margin is (-), the gingival margin is:
Coronal to the CEJ (no recession)
109
PD=5mm
GM= -3mm
CAL= ____
2mm
110
PD= 5mm
GM=0mm
CAL= ____
5mm
111
PD=2mm
GM=3mm
CAL= _____
5mm
112
A CAL of 0=
no peridontitis
113
A CAL of 2=
early periodontitis
114
A CAL of
progression of periodontitis
115
A CAL of 7=
Continued progress of periodontitis
116
