Midterm Review (OEQ) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of pocket/probing depth (PD)?
A
Gingival margin to the bottoms of the pocket
2
Q
What is the definition of attachment loss?
A
From CEJ to base of the pocket
3
Q
CEJ is required for the measurement of:
A
attachment loss
4
Q
-Gingival pocket (false pocket)
A
Pseudopocket
5
Q
A pseudopocket is caused by:
A
Hyperplasia; coronal movement of the gingival margin
6
Q
A pseudopocket involves no _____ of _____
A
apical migration; junctional epithelium
7
Q
Describe the bone loss seen with a pseudopcoket:
A
No bone loss (all psuedopockets are suprabony)
8
Q
What is the ppm of in-office fluoride:
A
Greater than 9000 ppm
(our slide gives 22,600 ppm as an example)
9
Q
What is the fluoride concentration of Prevident?
A
5000 ppm (1.1% NaF)
10
Q
Do you use toothpaste prior to applying foam or gel fluorides?
A
Yes, you should brush the patients teeth & then apply
11
Q
If a patient overdoses on fluoride, what should you give them?
Also what is considered “overdosing”?
A
Calcium, aluminum or magnesium products
(>5mg/kg)
EMERGENT Situation= >15mg/kg (9-1-1)
12
Q
What is the current fluoride standard in water?
A
0.7 ppm
13
Q
What do we mean by “optimal” fluoride levels in water:
A
Optimal means minimal caries with minimal fluorosis
14
Q
What is the optimal RANGE of fluorination of water?
A
0.6-1.2 ppm (though 0.7 is optimal LEVEL)
15
Q
0.7 ppm fluoride in water will decrease caries with _____ % of the population experiencing fluorosis
A
less than 10%
16
Q
What is the definition of plaque?
A
An organized mass of bacteria in gel matrix
17
Q
Which of the following is NOT true concerning the acquired pellicle?
a) it is a glycoprotein from saliva
b) it is a mode of attachment for calculus
c) if it is removed, it immediately reforms
d) it is primarily composed of bacteria
A
d) it is primarily composed of bacteria is false
18
Q
Describe the composition of the acquired pellicle:
A
- polysaccharides
- proteins
- glycoproteins
- lipid material
- DNA
19
Q
The pellicle forms first on the tooth…
A
providing bacteria a surface to attach to
20
Q
When does bacteria colonization occur?
A
As soon as acquired pellicle is introduced/forms in the mouth
21
Q
Within the first 4 hours of bacterial colonization of plaque, 47-85% of the organisms are:
A
streptococcus
22
Q
When an energy source is introduced, microorganisms produce:
a) acid
b) intracellular polysaccharides
c) extracellular polysaccharides
d) acid & intracellular polysccharide
e) all of the above
A
e) all of the above
23
Q
(True/False):
The optimal level of water fluoridation is 70 ppm. Optimal levels mean minimal caries with minimal fluorosis.
A
Statement 1- false
Statement 2- true
24
Q
(True/False):
After fluoride deposition, the concentration of fluoride is highest in the surface enamel & decreases as you approach the surface dentin.
A
True
25
After fluoride deposition, where is the concentration of fluoride the highest?
Surface enamel
26
In office fluorides are ______ ppm
9000-28000 ppm
27
Which of the following is used for in office fluoride treatments?
2.0% neutral sodium fluoride- 9000ppm (rarely used)
1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride- 12,300 ppm (rarely used)
5.0% NaF- 22,600 ppm (varnish) (commonly used)
28
If a patient is 40 kg, what is their probably toxic does (PTD)?
200 mg
(calculated using 5mg/kg rule) (40mg x 5mg/kg =200kg)
29
Why is brushing your teeth before using a prescription gel indicated?
The prescription gel does not have abrasive systems
29
One can decrease fluorosis by:
Decreasing the amount of fluoride accidentally ingested in children during tooth development
30
Which of the following is false concerning cementum?
The acellular portion is towards the apex of the root
31
Which is false regarding gingival fibers?
Unites marginal gingiva with PDL
32
Which structure is also termed the lamina dura and cribiform plate?
Alveolar bone proper
33
Which is the least likely determinant of unhealthy gingiva?
-color
-consistency
-stippling
stippling
34
The consistency of healthy gingiva should be:
Firm & resilient
35
In smokers, gingiva will have ______ likelihood of bleeding during probing
lesser
36
List the parts of the periodontium: (4)
1. gingiva
2. PDL
3. Cementum
4. Alveolar bone
(NOT- alveolar mucosa, enamel)
37
The attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa are separated by the:
Mucogingival junction
38
Which of the following are non-keratinized: (3)
1. gingival col
2. junctional epithelium
3. alveolar mucosa
39
Color of gingiva is determined by:
Vascularity of the gingiva
40
To measure the amount of attached gingiva:
Subtract the pocket depth from the keratinized gingiva
41
The least amount of attached gingiva is found:
facial of mandibular premolars
42
What is the basis of branstrom's theory of hydrodynamics?
Fluid movement in the dentinal tubules produces sensitivity & pain
43
Gingivitis (Class I) is characterized by:
No bone loss
44
Periodontitis is characterized by:
1. bone loss
2. apical migration of the JE
45
What bacteria is associated with periodontal disease: (5)
1. aggregatibacter actinomysetemcomitan (Aa)
2. Treponema denicola (T. denticola or Td)
3. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis or Pg)
4. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia or Pi)
5. Tanerella forsythia (T. forsythia or Tf)
46
Gingivitis is characterized by:
1. BOP
2. increased GCF
3. Edema
47
What is the response when a patient informs you that they bleed during flossing?
Tell the patient that they have gingivitis
48
Fluoride varnish ppm is approximately:
22,000 ppm
49
Recession occurs from the:
CEJ to the gingival margin
50
Major component of plaque biofilm:
Pellicle
51
What is the main role of calculus?
Keeps plaque in contact with the gingiva
52
T/F: You use your middle finger to roll the instrument
False- you use your thumb
53
Angling 45-90 degrees with the instrument allows for:
Proper removal of calculus
54
What is the fluoride concentration of an over the counter mouthwash?
225 ppm
55
What is the fluoride concentration of prescription toothpaste?
5000 ppm
56
Where would you sit to see the facial of second molars with direct vision:
9 o'clock
57
True and false pockets have what in common?
Bleeding & hyperplasia
58
If the gingival portion of the tooth is white and chalky what is wrong?
Decalcification
59
After applying fluoride varnish, what is the patient instruction?
Can eat and drink immediately - (but no chips/hard stuff)
60
How long does SDF take to remineralize (arrest caries)?
1 week
61
What is indication for use of SDF?
Caries present on posterior dentition
62
SDF allows for:
formation of hydroxyapatite & fluorapatite (treated surfaces will be less susceptible to caries)
63
What is the fluoride content of kids toothpaste?
1000 ppm
64
The acquired pellicle is mainly composed of:
Glycoproteins
65
Plaque is formed by salive/exudate and:
Bacteria & acquired pellicle
66
T/F: Secondary colonizers do not colonize on clean teeth
True
(Primary colonizers work on clean teeth, secondary colonizers work on pellicle)
67
One fluoride that is NOT used in a dental office is:
Stannous fluoride
68
To measure the attached gingiva use:
keratinized gingiva - sulcus depth
69
Anchors tooth to bone by PDL:
Cementum
70
Mouthwash is beneficial for communities:
with or without fluoridated water
71
What is the fluoride content of over the counter toothpaste?
1000 ppm
72
How do you adapt the line angles?
Roll instrument between thumb and forefinger
73
Bleeding on probing is due to: (2)
1. ulceration is sulcular epithelium
2. presence of inflammation
74
T/F:
APF is a more effective form of fluoride so we want to use it.
Enamel that has fluoride is less susceptible to caries.
First statement- false
Second statement- true
75
T/F: Neutral fluoride has a metallic taste
False- SDF does
76
Psuedopockets and true pockets have what in common: (3)
1. gingival inflammation
2. BOP
3. increased pocket depth
77
What is the distinct difference between natural tooth and natural periodontium vs. dental implant and peridontium?
1. dental implant will have ______ vascularity
2. dental implant will NOT have a _____
3. dental implant will have ____ gingival fibers
4. dental implant will have collagen fibers ____ to the implant
1. Less
2. PDL
3. Fewer
4. Parallel
78
What are the components of a dental implant? (3)
1. implant body
2. abutment
3. fabricated crown
(made of titanium)
79
What is the seating position for the anterior area of the mandibular arch when working on toward surface?
8-9 o'clock for RH
80
What is the seating position for the anterior surfaces of the maxillary arch when working on toward surfaces?
8-9 o'clock for RH
81
What is the seating position for the anterior area of the mandibular arch when working on away surfaces?
12 o'clock
82
What is the seating position for the anterior surfaces of the maxillary arch when working on away surfaces?
12 o'clock
83
What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the mandibular arch using direct vision?
9 o'clock for RH
84
What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the maxillary arch using direct vision?
9 o'clock for RH
85
What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the mandibular arch using indirect vision?
10-11 o'clock for RH
86
What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the maxillary arch using indirect vision?
10-11 o'clock for RH
87
Where can universal curettes be used?
All surfaces of the mouth
88
How many cutting edges does a sickle scaler have?
two
89
How many cutting edges does a universal curette have?
two
90
What is the shape of a sickle scaler?
Pointed toe (tip?)
91
What is the shape of a universal curette?
rounded toe
92
Where is a posterior sickle scaler used?
interproximal surface ONLY
93
Which part of a periodontal instrument is the working end?
a) toe
b) middle
c) heel
a) toe
94
What is the angulation for sickle scalers and universal curretes?
90 degrees for both
95
What is the cross section of a sickle scaler?
Triangular
96
What is the cross section of a universal curette?
Half elliptical
97
What is the blade for a sickle scaler?
straight
98
What is the blade for a universal curette?
straight
99
Describe a sickle scaler:
1. end:
2. cutting edge:
3. angulation:
4. cross section:
5. blade:
1. pointed toe (tip)
2. two
3. 90 degrees
4. triangular
5. straight
100
Describe a universal curette:
1. end:
2. cutting edge:
3. angulation:
4. cross section:
5. blade:
1. rounded toe
2. two
3. 90 degrees
4. half-elliptical
5. straight
101
Which of the following is NOT a component of the periodontium?
a) cementum
b) dentin
c) alveolar bone
d) gingiva
b) dentin
102
The allowed seating position for both right & left-handed clinicians working on the facial aspect of the maxillary anterior teeth is:
RH: 12 o'clock
LH: 12 o'clock
103
Which best describes the reddish color of diseased gingival tissues?
erythema
104
Which aspect of the periodontium is NOT present around a dental implant?
cementum
105
Which is the most common CEJ relationship found in the patient population?
Overlap
106
Mineralization of calculus is composed mostly of:
Inorganic components (70-90%)
107
How many days does it take an acquired pellicle to develop?
7 days
108
T/F: Organisms in a biofilm are 100-150x more resistant to antibiotics
False- they are actually 1000-1500 x. more resistant
109
Which surface would require an offset position?
#28 DB (any posterior distal surface would require offset)
110
What is the difference between the anterior and posterior sickle scaler?
Design of the shank (posterior sickle scaler will have a bend in the shank)
111
Where should the light be positioned when viewing the mandibular arch?
Directly above the patient
112
Where should the light be positioned when viewing the maxillary arch?
45 degree angle pointing down
113
SDF percentage to be effective against caries?
38%
114
Erythema occurs in what stage of gingivitis?
II
115
Established gingivitis lesion is characterized by:
Color change
116
Where would you sit for indirect vision of the posterior sextant?
11 o'clock
117
Where would you sit for direct vision of the posterior sextant?
9 o'clock
118
The terminal shank should be held _____ to the long axis of the tooth
parallel
119
What is the light grasp used for?
Tactile sensitivity
120
What is NOT a function of the PDL?
Strengthening
121
A true pseudopocket is caused by:
Hyperplasia
122
Over-angulation of sickel scalers could result in:
Burnished calculus
123
Principle fibers that have masticatory stresses:
Oblique fibers
124
A valley-like depression in the portion of the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth & connects the facial & lingual papillae:
Gingival col
125
What is the most likely reason that gingivitis does NOT progress to periodontitis
Patient is not susceptible
126
What is easily displaced with water?
Materia albla
127
What best describes a periodontal explorer?
Used for caries detection & subgingival calculus removal
128
What instrument would you use to remove supragingival calculus off a posterior molar?
Posterior sickle scaler
129
What instrument is most likely to hurt the gingiva when used incorrectly?
Sickle scaler
130
When probing how many measurements per tooth?
6- (DF, F, MF, ML, L, DL)
131
Anaerobic glycolysis does what to the oral cavity?
Decreases pH
132
What is NOT a function of the periodontal probe?
a) measure size of lesion
b) removal of calculus
c) test for BOP
d) measure overbite/overjet
b) removal of calculus
133
When is SDF contraindicated? (2)
1. pulpal exposure
2. silver allergy
134
Which gingival fibers connect to cementum?
Dentoperiosteal & dentogingival
135
T/F: pointed or peaked papilla is seen in disease
False- rounded papilla seen in disease
136
T/F: you would NOT use the mm in the nabers probes when determining furcation involvement
True
137
Mrs. Smith has red, inflamed gums, probing reads 2-4mm with mandibular molars reading 5 mm. What is your diagnosis?
Gingivitis
138
Why can you go subgingival with a curette?
Rounded back/rounded cutting edge
139
T/F: Bacteria release noxious substances. The primary role of the noxious agent is to make an inflammatory response.
Both statements true
140
What does NOT contribute to periodontitis?
Longitudinal growth
141
If calculus is subgingival on the root, why would it need to be removed?
Calculus keeps the plaque in contact
142
Inflammatory processes extending to affect the PDL and alveolar bone, resulting in:
attachment loss
143
CEJ to base of pocket:
attachment loss
144
Where is the light supposed to be when viewing the mandibular arch?
directly above
145
what happens when bacteria shift apical from primary to mature?
Co-adhesion of bacteria
146
Silver diamine fluoride percentage to be effective against caries:
38%
147
Erythema occurs at what stage of gingivitis?
Stage II
148
Established gingivitis lesion will show:
color change
149
What are four essential oils?
1. thymol
2. eucalyptol
3. methyl sialicylate
4. menthol
150
True about fluoride:
Fluoride > 9000 ppm over calcium fluoride
151
Mirror used for indirect vision of mandibular lingual:
Retract tongue
152
Where do you sit for indirect vision of a posterior sextant?
11:00
153
Where do you sit for direct vision?
9:00
154
The terminal shank is held:
parallel to the tooth
155
What bacteria below is NOT involved with periodontitis?
Porphyromas intermedium
156
Pellicle is mainly composed of:
Glycoproteins
157
What does it mean if you have bleeding on probing?
Ulceration of sulcular epithelium
158
Light grasp of instrument allows for:
increase in tactile sensitivity
159
Functions of the PDL include:
1. formative
2. supportive
3. nutritive
4. sensory
160
What is NOT a function of the PDL?
Strengthening
161
All plaque has been removed from the teeth. After 4 hours which of the following makes up 47-85% of bacteria present?
Streptococci
162
Why does CHX not have an ADA seal?
ADA seals are for consumer products OTC (not prescriptions)
163
Alcohol is used as a:
solvent
164
Which of the following are not a secondary, local causative factor of periodontal disease?
Stress
(xerostomia and medication are!!)
165
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for caries?
Smoking
(snacking and drug use are!!)
166
Which of the following is a disease indicator of caries?
Restorations within 3 years
167
A true pseudopocket is caused by:
Hyperplasia
168
Overangulation of sickles scalers:
Weill result in burnished calculus
169
T/F: The middle finger is used to roll an instrument
False
170
Describe when cementum is deposited:
Continuously deposited apically throughout life
171
Alveolar mucosa is NOT:
a) thick, nonkeratinized
b) movable tissue
c) separate from attached gingiva at MGJ
d) darker shade of red
a) thick, non-keratinized
(alveolar mucosa is thin and non-keratinized)
172
What is false about gingival fiber groups:
a) around the cervical area with gingival tissues
b) includes dentogingival, alveologinigval, circumferential, dentoperiosteal & transeptal fibers
c)
These are both true - we dont know the actual answer
173
Soft, sponge, dense, BOP is used to describe:
Consistency
174
Principle fibers that have masticatory stresses:
Oblique fibers
175
Principle fiber group from the root apex to adjacent surrounding bone to resist vertical forces:
apical fibers
176
Principle fibers from the root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal to resist vertical and unexpected strong forces:
Oblique fibers
177
Principle fibers from the cementum in the middle of each root to adjacent alveolar bone to resist tipping of the tooth:
Horizontal fibers
178
Principle fiber group from the alveolar crest to the cementum just below the CEJ to resist intrusive forces:
alveolar crest fibers
179
Principle fibers from the cementum between the roots of multi-rooted teeth to the adjacent bone to resist vertical and lateral forces:
interradicular fibers
180
Transeptal fibers provide resistance to:
the separation of teeth
181
Circumferential fibers help maintain the tooth:
in position
182
Most coronal to teeth:
a) attached gingiva
b) MGJ
c) free gingiva
free gingiva
183
Valley-like depression of interproximal contact areas:
Gingival col
184
Most likely reason that gingivitis doesn't progress to periodontitis:
Patient NOT susceptible
185
OTC fluoride = _____ ppm
1000
186
Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid make an intracellular matrix, what else contributes to it:
bacteria
187
Saliva, GCF, and bacteria all contribute to:
Intracellular matrix
188
Easily displaced with water:
Materia alba
189
T/F: Bacteria attaches to the acquired pellicle
True???
190
Used for caries detection & subgingival calculus detection:
Periodontal explorer
191
What instrument would you use to remove supragingival calculus off a posterior molar?
Posterior sickles scaler
192
What instrument is most likely to hurt the gingiva if used wrong?
Sickle scaler
193
When probing, how many measurements should you record per tooth?
6
194
Anaerobic glycolysis does what to the oral cavity?
Decreases the pH
195
What causes calculus to start forming subgingivally?
----
196
A patient had gingivitis and it did not turn to periodontitis, why is this?
Not a susceptible host
196
What is true about the free gingival groove?
Occurs in 50% of the population & something else
196
What has 12,300 ppm?
Acidulated phosphate fluoride
197
What tool would you use for generalized supragingival calculus, posterior maxillary sextant?
Posterior sickle scaler
197
Why does the color of the gingiva play a key role in evaluating the health of the gingiva?
vascular changes
197
What is NOT a function of the periodontal ligament fibers?
Attachment of cementum to the tooth
198
Cementum is NOT:
a) calcified connective tissue covering roots of teeth
b) continuously deposited in apical area of root throughout life
c) attach PDL to tooth
d) most mineralized of calcified tissues
d) most mineralized of calcified tissues
199
Not a function of the periodontal probe:
a) measure size of lesion
b) removal of calculus
c) bleeding on probe
d) overjet/overbite
b) removal of calculus
