Focused Questions Week6-9

Question 1

acute myeloid leukemia are __

Answer 1

malignant immature hematopoietic cells

Question 2

acute myeloid leukemia translocation occurs between

Answer 2

8 & 21

Question 3

acute promyelocytic leukemia translocation occurs between

Answer 3

15 & 17

Question 4

acute promyelocytic leukemia are sensitive to __

Answer 4

ATRA, arsenic trioxide, anthracyclines

Question 5

acute lymphoblastic leukemia are __

Answer 5

malignant immature lymphocytes

Question 6

what indicates minimal residual disease in ALL treatment

Answer 6

MRD marker

Question 7

chronic myeloid leukemia translocation between

Answer 7

9 & 22

Question 8

chronic myeloid leukemia are __

Answer 8

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm

Question 9

CML phases are __

Answer 9

• chronic (3-5 years / 25+),
• accelerated (12-18 months / 4-5 years),
• blastic (3-9 months/6-12 months)

Question 10

blastic

Answer 10

extramedullary disease with localized immature blasts

Question 11

chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis done using

Answer 11

peripheral blood

Question 12

Rai staging

Answer 12

• Rai 0 (low; > 10 yrs)
• Rai 1-2 (intermediate; > 8 yrs)
• Rai 3-4 (high; 6.5 yrs)

Question 13

Binet staging

Answer 13

• Binet A (> 10 yrs)
• Binet B (>8 years)
• Binet C(6.5 years)

Question 14

stem cell transplantation involves

Answer 14

prep > conditioning > transfusion > engraftment

Question 15

B cell development areas are __

Answer 15

germinal, mantle & marginal zones

Question 16

burkitt lymphoma translocations occurs between __

Answer 16

8 & 14

Question 17

Ann Arbor Staging

Answer 17

stage 1 = single lymph node

stage 2 = 2 or more lymph node on same side of diaphragm

stage 3 = 2 or move lymph node on different side of diaphragm

stage 4 = widespread

Question 18

stem cell transplant process

Answer 18

collection > processing > cryopreservation > chemotherapy > infusion

Question 19

ascending tract of spine

Answer 19

dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway, anterolateral, spinocerebellar

Question 20

spinothalamic sends __

Answer 20

pain & temperature to thalamus

Question 21

posterior column sends __

Answer 21

touch, pressure, vibration to brain

Question 22

spinocerebellar sends __

Answer 22

kinesthesia, proprioception

Question 23

descending tract includes __

Answer 23

corticospinal / corticobulbar

Question 24

difference between lacunar & hemispheric syndromes

Answer 24

• hemispheric = presence of higher cortical dysfunction
• lacunar = absence of higher cortical dysfunction

Question 25

purpose of ATP in neurons

Answer 25

ATP used to maintain neuronal integrity by keeping Ca2+ and Na+ outside cell & K+ inside cell

Question 26

Cincinnati stroke scale utilizes __

Answer 26

FAST = facial droop, arm weakness, slurred speech, timing

Question 27

if CT shows bleeding, what should not be given

Answer 27

rTPA not needed

Question 28

door to needle occurs within __

Answer 28

1 hr

Question 29

what is given for non-cardioembolic stroke

Answer 29

anti-platelets

Question 30

what is given for cardioembolic stroke

Answer 30

anti-coagulants such as warfarin and NOACs

Question 31

what is the significance of SPARCL trial

Answer 31

reduce stroke by reducing cholesterol

Question 32

what are the requirements to drive for stroke patients

Answer 32

- private = driving test 1 month after stroke, pass DARP & review by neurologist - vocational = >1 year after stroke, fully recovered, passed DARP, cleared by neurologist

Question 33

types of partial seizures

Answer 33

simple, complex, partial with secondary generalization

Question 34

types of generalized seizures

Answer 34

generalized tonic clonic seizure, absence, myoclonic

Question 35

what hormones excite the brain

Answer 35

norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Question 36

what hormone inhibits brain

Answer 36

GABA

Question 37

what hormone inhibits spinal cord

Answer 37

glycine

Question 38

initial flaccid paralysis will change into __ weeks later

Answer 38

spastic paralysis

Question 39

etiology of ischemic stroke is based on __

Answer 39

TOAST classification

Question 40

febrile seizures AKA __

Answer 40

lennox gastaut syndrome

Question 41

seizures managed using __

Answer 41

antiepileptic drugs, sedatives, vagus nerve stimulation

Question 42

investigations for seizures include __

Answer 42

EEG for seizure location & type, routine blood to identify metabolic causes, neuroimaging studies identify structural abnormalities

Question 43

seizure types

Answer 43

absent, tonic-clonic, partial seizure

Question 44

rheumatoid arthritis target

Answer 44

synovium

Question 45

major cell type in synovial fluid is

Answer 45

neutrophils

Question 46

major cell type in pannus is

Answer 46

t cells and macrophages

Question 47

spondyloarthropathies main target is

Answer 47

enthesis

Question 47

characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 47

MCPJ subluxation, ulnar deviation, swan neck deformity, Z thumbs

Question 48

subtypes of spondyloarthropathies are __

Answer 48

ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, enteropathic arthritis & psoriatic arthritis

Question 49

psoriatic arthritis clinical features

Answer 49

nail changes, pencil in cup deformity, achilles tendinitis, hairline psoarisis, DIPJ synovitis, oncholysis

Question 50

arthritis mutilans are __

Answer 50

telescoped digits

Question 51

derivatives of oxidated arachidonic acid

Answer 51

eicosanoids

Question 52

prostanoids =

Answer 52

prostaglainds, prostacyclin, thromboxane

Question 53

function of tofacitinib

Answer 53

downregulates cytokines as JK inhibitors prevent STAT phosphorylkation

Question 54

ABE scoring

Answer 54

- mMRC 0-1, CAT<10, 0/1 exacerbation and not hospitalized = A = bronchodilator - mMRC 2, CAT>10, 0/1 exacerbation and not hospitalized = B = LABA+LAMA - >2 exacerbation / >1 hospitalzaition = E = LABA+LAMA+ICS(if eosinophils>300)