- steroids - MMF/Cellcept - tacrolimus/cyclosporin - infliximab - extracorporeal photopheresis

Week 6 Flashcards by Ethan Wong

AML

acute myeloid leukemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AML

heterogenous clonal stem cell malignancy where immature hematopoietic cells proliferate uncontrollably

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AML results in __

inhibited hematopoiesis seen in neutropenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AML FAB subtype

M0 -7

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most common risk factor for AML

radiation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what genetic disorder causes AML

down syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

prognositc indicators of AML

age, cytogenetics, molecular genetics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AML chemotherapy

idarubicin
daunorubicin
cytarabine
consolidation with HIDAC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

targeted therapy AML

FLT3 inhibitor
CD33 inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute promyelocytic Leukemia have balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosome __

15 & 17

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute promyelocytic Leukemia is sensitive to __

ATRA, anthracyclines, arsenic trioxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute promyelocytic Leukemia complicated by __

life threatening coagulopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

lymphoid line of blood cell cancers; development of large number of immature lymphocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia arises from __

lymphoid progenitor cell sustaining significant multiple genetic damage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia chemotherapy

multiagent chemotherapy
- induction
- consolidation-intensification
- maintenance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic myeloid leukemia

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic myeloid leukemia characterized by __

BCR-ABL1 fusion gene from balanced translocation between long arms of chromosome 9 & 22

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia present with __

lymphocytosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia present with symptoms such as __

lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
anemia
fatigue
recurring infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosis is confirmed by clonality of __

circulating B lymphocytes confirmed by flow cytometry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GVHD

graft versus host disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GVHD treatment

steroids
MMF/Cellcept
tacrolimus/cyclosporin
infliximab
extracorporeal photopheresis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GVHD occurs after

100 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

areas affected by GVHD

skin, mouth, liver, eyes, lungs, gut, joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lymph nodes at cervical region

posterior, cervical, pre-auricular, upper cervical, median/lower cervical, supraclavicular

lymph nodes at axillary region

axillary

lymph nodes at epitrochlear

epitrochlear

lymph nodes at mediastinal

paratracheal, mediastinal, hilar, retrocrural

lymph nodes at para-aortic

para-aortic, common iliac, external iliac

lymph nodes at inguinal

inguinal, femoral

lymph nodes at popliteal

popliteal

lymph nodes at mesenteric

celiac, splenic hilar, portal, mesenteric

common lymphoma symptoms

lumps, fatigue, loss of appetite & weight, fever, night sweats

diagnostic work-up & staging of lymphomas

biopsy, imaging, BM aspirate & trephine

bone marrow

diffuse large B cell lymphoma biological prognostic markers

cell of origin, double-hit, molecular subtype

CAR

chimeric antigen receptor

immunotherapy management consists of

monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapy, immunostimulants, CAR

treatment concept

disease factor, patient factor, drug efficacy/toxicity

autologous stem cell transplant

1. collection 2. processing 3. cryopreservation 4. chemotherapy 5. infusion

CAR T cell therapy

1. leukapheresis 2. t-cell activation/transduction 3. modified T cell expansion 4. chemotherapy 5. modified T cell infusion

myoblast forms __

granulocytes = eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

how to differentiate types of cancer

flow cytometry analysis

leukostasis causes ___

high blast count > hyperviscosity > decreased tissue perfusion

leukostasis affects what systems?

CV, pulmonary, GI, CNS

precursor lymphoid neoplasms are __

B & T lymphoblastic leukemia

ALL uses multiagent chemotherapy which causes __

- induction - consolidation-intensification - maintenance

what is philadelphia chromosome

reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 & 22 to create BCR-ABL fusion gene; specific to CML cells

diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is done via ___

peripheral blood

stem cell transplant process

preparation > conditioning > stem cell transfusion > engraftment

B cell development process starts & ends from

v-region gene recombination > clonal expansion > somatic hypermutation > selection > close switching > differentiation

areas inside lymph node

geminal centre, mantle zone, marginal zone

hodgkin's lymphoma is what type

precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia

low grade lymphomas

slow growing and remains dormant

high grade lymphomas

rapidly growing & aggressive

high grade lymphomas mainly target

brain, eye, spinal cord, intestines

rare place of lymphoma development

brain, eye, skin

burkitt lymphoma

translocation between chromosome 8 with 14

staging of non-hodgkin lymphoma is done via __

ann arbor staging

ann arbor stages are __

stage 1 = single region stage 2 = 2 or more regions stage 3 = > 2 regions above & below diaphragm stage 4 = widespread

diffuse large B cell lymphoma prognostic factors

age, perfusion status, LDH, extranodal site, staging

diffuse large B cell lymphoma biological prognostic markers

cell of origin, double hit translocation, molecular subtypes

Erythrocyte stimulated by

EPO from kidney in response to tissue hypoxia

lifespan of RBCs

120 days

types of leukocytes

monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes

most common leukocytes

neutrophils

leukemias derived from __

immature lymphocytes

lymphomas derived from __

mature lymphocytes

acute vs chronic leukemia

Abrupt onset with marked sign (persistent infection and excessive bleeding) & symptoms vs. insidious onset with mild signs & better prognosis

what diseases causes congestion & enlargment of lymphoid tissue

lymphacenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly

antacids

alkalize urine to prevent uric acid stone formation

hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by __

large abnormal B cells

hodgkin lymphoma peaks at which stages of life

20 - 30s 60 -70s

hodgkin lymphomas commonly affect ___ lymph nodes

cervical, axillary, inguinal, retroperitoneal

haemophilia A is due to abnormal ___

clotting factor VIII

haemophilia B is due to abnormal ___

clotting factor IX

haemophilia C is due to abnormal ___

clotting factor XI

Diagnostic test for Haemophilia A include

PTT, APTT & coagulation time prolonged low serum levels of specific clotting factor based on hemophilia type

haemopphilia A treatment

o Desmopressin (DDAVP) o Replacement therapy for Factor VIII o Recombinant DNA product (Advate) o Nplate

desmopressin is used to __

raise clotting factor levels

Nplate is used to stimulate __

platelet production in bone marrow

multiple myeloma management includes ___

curative using bone marrow transplant symptoms using CRAB relief

CRAB relief stands for __

calcium, renal failure, anemia, bone lesions

most critical test for multiple myeloma is __

bone marrow biopsy

serum protein electrophoresis is used to look for __

IgG M protein

urine protein electrophoresis is used to look for __

bence-jones protein

evidences of end-organ damage include

hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia, bone lesions

Week 6 Flashcards

(87 cards)