Foetal Abnormality Flashcards
(26 cards)
Give risk factors for abnormal foetal lie
Prematurity Multiple preg Uterine abnormalities PP Primiparity
How is foetal lie and presentation confirmed?
USS
What is the lie of the foetus?
Relationship between the long axis of the foetus and the mother
What is the presentation of the foetus?
The foetal part which first enters the maternal pevlis
What is the position of the foetus?
Position of the head as it exits the birth canal
How can foetal lie be corrected?
External cephalic version after 36 weeks
Which complications are associated with external cephalic version?
APH
Rupture of membranes
Placental abruption
Foetal distress
How is breech presentation managed?
Attempt ECV before labour
Vaginal
C-sec
What is breech presentation?
When baby presents butt first
Describe complete breech position
Both legs flexed at hip and knee
Describe frank breech position
Both legs flexed at the hip and extended at the knee
Describe a footling breech position
One or both legs extended at the hip
Foot out first
Give foetal risk factors for breech presentation
Prematurity
Macrosomia
Polyhydramnios
Multiple preg
What are the main complications of breech presentation?
Cord prolapse Foetal head entrapment Premature membrane rupture Birth asphyxia intracranial haemorrhage
What is oligohydramnios?
Low level of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
What is amniotic fluid mostly made of?
Foetal urine output
What are the main causes of oligohydramnios?
Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
Placental insufficiency
Non-functioning foetal kidneys
Viral infection
How is amniotic fluid measured?
Amniotic fluid index
Maximum pool depth
How is oligohydramnious diagnosed?
SFH
USS
What is likely to occur within 24-48 hours of membrane rupture?
Labour
What is polydramnios?
Abnormally large level of amniotic fluid
What are the most common causes of polyhydramnios?
Maternal diabetes Lithium Macrosomia Duodenal atresia Anaemia Anything which affects foetal swallowin
Which viral infections are particularly known for causing polyhydramnios?
Toxoplasmosis Parvovirus Rubella Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis
How is polyhydramnios managed?
Largely not treated
