Microbiology

Question 1

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 1

Imbalance of normal flora

Replacement of normal flora with Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria

Question 2

How is bacterial vaginosis treated?

Answer 2

Not treated unless pregnant

Metronidazole

Question 3

What pathogen causes chlamydia?

Answer 3

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 4

Which serovars of chlamydia cause eye infection?

Answer 4

A B C

Question 5

Which serovars of chlamydia cause genital infection?

Answer 5

D to K

Question 6

How is chlamydia tested for?

Answer 6

NAATs and PCR from swab

Question 7

How is chlamydia treated?

Answer 7

100mg doxycycline BD 7 days
or
1g azithro then 500mg for 2 days

Question 8

What pathogen causes gonorrhoea?

Answer 8

Neisseria gonorrahoeae

Question 9

How is gonorrhoea investigated?

Answer 9

NAATs and PCR
Microscopy
Culture

Question 10

How is gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 10

Ceftriaxone IM

Oral azithromycin

Question 11

In which STI is a test of cure recommended?

Answer 11

Gonorrhoea

Question 12

Which pathogen causes syphilis?

Answer 12

Treponema pallidum

Question 13

How is syphilis investigated?

Answer 13

PCR and blood test

Question 14

What is a chancre?

Answer 14

Painless ulcer which appears in syphilis

Spontaneously resolves

Question 15

Other than sexually, how can syphilis be transmitted?

Answer 15

Saliva

Physical contact

Question 16

How is syphilis treated?

Answer 16

Penicillin

Question 17

Which parasites cause pubic lice?

Answer 17

Phthirus pubis

Question 18

Which STIs can cause urethritis?

Answer 18

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea

Question 19

What should be suspected in tenesmus and rectal bleeding in MSM?

Answer 19

Lymphogranuloma venereum
(serovars L1-L3 of chlamydia)

Question 20

Which antibiotic is given for prostatitis?

Answer 20

Ciprofloxacin

Trimethoprim if high risk of C Diff

Question 21

Which organisms may be found in normal vaginal flora?

Answer 21

Lactobacillus
Strep viridans
GBHS
Candida

Question 22

Which pathogens cause thrush?

Answer 22

Candida

Question 23

Give examples of predisposing factors for candida infection?

Answer 23

Recent antibiotic therapy
High oestrogen
Poorly controlled diabetes
Immunocompromise

Question 24

How does candida infection present?

Answer 24

Intensely itchy white vaginal discharge

Question 25

How is candida infection diagnosed?

Answer 25

Clinical diagnosis

Question 26

How is candida infection treated?

Answer 26

Topical clotrimazole | Oral fluconazole

Question 27

How is bacterial vaginosis tested for ?

Answer 27

Microscopically examined for clue cells | with clinical suspicion and raised pH

Question 28

How does bacterial prostatitis present?

Answer 28

``` UTI symptoms Lower abdo pain Perineal pain Penile pain Tender prostate ```

Question 29

Which pathogens cause bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 29

E coli. and coliforms Entercoccus Gonorrhoea Chlamydia

Question 30

How is bacterial prostatitis diagnosed?

Answer 30

Mid stream urine sample | Culture & sensitivity

Question 31

Which samples are sent to be tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

Answer 31

Male - first pass urine Female - vulvovaginal swab Rectal and throat swabs Eye swabs

Question 32

What are the advantages of PCR and NAATs?

Answer 32

Less invasive More sensitive Positive with dead organisms Quicker

Question 33

What are the disadvantages of PCR and NAATs?

Answer 33

Can't test antibiotic sensitivities | Have to wait 5 weeks for test of cure

Question 34

Which virus causes genital warts?

Answer 34

HPV 6 & 11

Question 35

How are genital warts treated?

Answer 35

Cryotherapy | Podophyllotoxin cream/lotion

Question 36

What causes genital herpes?

Answer 36

HSV 1 and 2

Question 37

How is genital herpes spread?

Answer 37

Genital - genital | Genital - oropharyngeal

Question 38

Where does HSV replicate?

Answer 38

Dermis and epidermis then into nerve endings

Question 39

Where does HSV migrate to after the dermis?

Answer 39

Sacral root ganglion and "hides" from immune system

Question 40

How do genital herpes present?

Answer 40

Painful | Multiple small vesicles easily de-roofed

Question 41

How is active herpes tested for?

Answer 41

Swab taken of de-roofed blister for PCR test

Question 42

How is genital herpes treated?

Answer 42

Aciclovir | Pain relief

Question 43

What is trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 43

Single celled parasite

Question 44

What symptoms does trichomonas vaginalis cause?

Answer 44

Vaginal discharge and irritation | Urethritis in males

Question 45

How is trichomonas vaginalis tested for?

Answer 45

High vaginal swab for microscopy

Question 46

How is trichomonas vaginalis treated?

Answer 46

Oral metronidazole

Question 47

What causes pubic lice?

Answer 47

Pthirus pubis

Question 48

How is pubic lice treated?

Answer 48

Malathion lotion