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Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health > STIs and Non-STIs > Flashcards

STIs and Non-STIs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common pathogen to cause candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

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2
Q

Give risk factors for candida

A 
Pregnancy
Diabetes
Broad spec abx
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppresion
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3
Q

What are the main symptoms of candidiasis?

A

Itching
White, thick discharge
Dysuria

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4
Q

What signs can be noted on examination of candidiasis?

A

Erythema
Swelling
Satellite lesions
Thick white discharge

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5
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis tend to present?

A

Foul smelling white discharge

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6
Q

Which kind of organism is responsible for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Flagellated protozoan

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7
Q

Which investigations are used for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Not routine

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8
Q

When would a vaginal smear be performed in cases of candidiasis?

A

“Complicated”
Recurrent
Pregnancy say
Immunocompromise

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9
Q

How is uncomplicated candidiasis treated?

A

Anti-fungal
Intra-vaginal - clotrimazole
Oral - fluconazole

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10
Q

How is candida in pregnancy treated?

A

Intravaginal antifungal (clotrimazole)

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11
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

Disturbance in vaginal flora

Reduction in lactobacilli numbers causing increase in pH

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12
Q

What should the pH of the vagina be?

A

<4.5

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13
Q

What are the most common pathogens which cause bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
Anaerobes
Mycoplasms

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14
Q

What are the main risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

A 
Sexually active
IUD
STI
Vaginal douching
Abx use
Smoking
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15
Q

What is seen on examination of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Thin, white/grey discharge

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16
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis investigated?

A

high vaginal smear

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17
Q

Which cells are seen on microscopy of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Clue cells

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18
Q

How is symptomatic bacterial vaginosis treated?

A

Metronidazole

or clindamycin or tinidazole

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19
Q

Which bacterium causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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20
Q

Which serotypes of chlamydia cause ocular infection?

A

A-C

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21
Q

Which serotypes of chlamydia cause GU infection?

A

D-K

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22
Q

Which serotypes of chlamydia cause lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

L1-L3

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23
Q

Which group get LGV with chlamydia?

A

MSM

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24
Q

What are the risk factors for chlamydia?

A

Recent change in sexual partner

Another STI

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25
What is the incubation period of chlamydia?
7-21 days
26
What are the main symptoms of chlamydia in females?
``` Dysuria Abnormal discharge Intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding Deep Dyspareunia Lower abdo pain ```
27
What may be noted in examination of chlamydia in females?
Cervicitis Mucopurulent discharge Pelvic tenderness Cervical excitation
28
What are the main symptoms of chlamydia in men?
Dysuria Urethral discharge Testicular pain
29
What may be noted on examination of chlamydia in men?
Epididymal tenderness | Mucopurulent discharge
30
How is chlamydia investigated?
F - VVS M - first pass urine or urethral swab Sample sent for NAAT
31
What investigations are recommended in chlamydia suspicion?
Full STI screen
32
What causes genital herpes?
HSV
33
How is genital herpes transmitted?
Skin to skin contact in genitals/oropharynx
34
What are the main risk factors for herpes?
Multiple sexual partners | Oral sex with a partner suffering from cold sores
35
How does primary herpes present?
Small red blisters Discharge Flu-like symptoms Itch
36
How does secondary/recurrent herpes present?
Burning and itching around the genitals | Painful red blisters around genitals
37
How is herpes investigated?
Swab and open sore | PCR for HSV
38
How is primary herpes treated?
Aciclovir
39
How are recurrent outbreaks of genital herpes treated?
Painkillers Petroleum jelly Ice packs if regular - aciclovir daily
40
What is the main cause of genital warts?
HPV 6 and 11
41
What are the main risk factors for warts?
``` Early age at first sexual intercourse Multiple partners Immunosuppression Smoking Diabetes ```
42
Describe a genital wart
Painless fleshy growths on the genitals
43
How are genital warts investigated?
None routine | May biopsy if malignancy suspected
44
How are warts treated?
Not always req'd Imiquimod 3 times weekly Podophyllotoxin 2x day for 3 days and then 3 days rest
45
How are warts non-medically managed?
Excision Cryotherapy Electrosurgery Laser surgery
46
What is the causative organism for gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
47
Which groups are most commonly affected by gonorrhoea?
<25 | MSM
48
What are the main risk factors for gonorrhoea?
Multiple partners | Prev infection
49
How does gonorrhoea present in a female?
Thin, watery yellow discharge Dysuria Dyspareunia Lower abdo pain
50
How does gonorrhoea present in the male?
Mucopurulent urethral discharge | Dysuria
51
What is seen on examination of female in gonorrhoea?
Discharge Easily induced cervical bleeding Pelvic tenderness
52
What is noted on infection of the male in gonorrhoea?
Discharge epididymial tenderness
53
How is gonorrhoea investigated females?
Endocervical/vaginal swab for NAAT
54
How is gonorrhoea investigated in males?
First pass urine for NAAT
55
How is gonorrhoea treated?
IM ceftriaxone
56
When would a gonorrhoea patient be admitted to hospital?
Features of gonococcal meningitis | Signs of severe PID
57
What is pelvic inflammatory disease?
Infection of upper genital tract in females which affects uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries
58
Which STIs most commonly cause PID?
Chlamydia | Gonorrhoea
59
How does PID present?
Lower abdo pain Menstrual/bleeding abnormality Dysuria Vag discharge
60
What may be noted on examination of PID?
Tenderness of uterus/adnexae Cervical excitation Palpable mass in lower abo
61
How is PID investigated?
Endocervical swab HVS Pregnancy test
62
How is PID treated?
Broad spec abx
63
When would a PID patient be admitted to hospital?
Pregnant Severe symptoms- n&v, fever Need IV abx
64
What are the common complications of PID?
``` Ectopic pregnancy Infertility Tubo-ovarian abscess Chronic pain Fits-Hugh Curtis syndrome ```
65
What type of organism causes syphilis?
Spirochete gram neg bacterium
66
What organism causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
67
What is a chancre?
Painless, hard ulcer formed at the site of entry
68
In which stage of syphilis would you find a chancre?
Primary
69
How does secondary syphilis present?
Non-specific (w, f, f) Skin rash (hands and feet) Condylomata lata Silver-grey mucous membrane lesion
70
What are the three types of tertiary syphilis?
Gummatous Neurosyphilis Cardiovascular syphilis
71
How is syphilis investigated?
PCR of swab from active lesion
72
Syphilis specific IgG remains positive for life on serology | true/false
True
73
What is measured to assess response to treatment?
VDRL
74
When may a false positive result on VDRL occur?
Pregnancy | Inflammatory conditions
75
What is used to treat syphilis?
Penicillin
76
What should be given alongside penicillin in neurosyphilis or cardiovascular syphilis?
Steroids
77
Why are steroids sometimes given with penicillin treatment in syphilis?
Prevent Jarisch Herxheimer reaction - inflammatory response to death of syphilis pathogen
78
How does trichomonas vaginalis present in females?
``` Offensive vaginal odour Discharge - thick/thin, frothy, yellow/green Itchy Dyspareunia Dysuria ```
79
How does trichomonas present in the male?
``` Discharge Dysuria Freq Pain Itch ```
80
How is trichomonas vaginalis investigated?
HVS | M- first pass urine
81
What is used to treat trichomonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole

Year 3 - Repro and Sexual Health (23 decks)

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