Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Flexor Retinaculum of the ankle

Answer 1

Continuous with deep fascia of the leg and foot

Forms Tarsal Tunnel

Runs from medial malleolus to calcaneus (inferomedial)

Question 2

What is in the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 2

“Tom, Dick and a very nervous Harry”

T - Tibialis Posterior tendon
D - Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon
A - Posterior Tibial ARTERY and 
V - Posterior Tibial VEIN
N - Tibial NERVE
H - Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon

Pass through the tarsal tunnel deep the retinaculum tendon

Question 3

Extensor Retinaculum of the ankle

Answer 3

There are two pieces

1. Superior Extensor Retinaculum
2. Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

Question 4

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Answer 4

• Runs between the distal, anterior borders of tibia and fibula just superior to ankle joint

Question 5

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

Answer 5

• “Y” Shaped
• Base oc calcaneus (Lateral Superior surface)
• One band to medial malleolus
• other band wraps around the medial side of plantar aponeurosis

Question 6

Extensor Retinaculum of the ankle encloses:

Answer 6

1. Extensor Digitorum longus tendon
2. Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
3. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
   - —(Anterior Tibial Artery)
4. Extensor hallucis longus Tendon
5. Tibialis Anterior Tendon

Question 7

Fibularis (Peroneal) Rectinaulum

Answer 7

1. Superior Fibular (Peroneal) Retinaculum

2. Inferior Fibular (Peroneal) Retinaculum

Question 8

Superior Fibularis (Peroneal) Rectinaulum

Answer 8

lateral malleolus to calcaneous

Question 9

inferior Fibularis (Peroneal) Rectinaulum

Answer 9

Lateral calcaneal surface and blends with inferior extensor retinaculum

Question 10

What structures does the Fibularis (Peroneal) Rectinaulum enclose?

Answer 10

Fibularis (Peroneous) Longus Tendon

Fibularis (Peroneous) Brevis Tendon

Question 11

What are the dorsal muscles of the foot?

Answer 11

1. Extensor digitorum brevis muscle
2. Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

(these are the same muscle for lecture - different muscles for primal. On Primal they will be highlighted as one muscle)

Question 12

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle Origin

Answer 12

Dorsal, Lateral surface of calcaneus

Question 13

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle Insertion

Answer 13

Dorsal base, proximal phalanx of big toe and lateral side of EDL tendons to toes 2,3,4

Question 14

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle Innervation

Answer 14

Deep Peroneal Nerve (S1, S2)

Question 15

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle Action

Answer 15

• Extension of toes 2-4

- Metatarsal phalangeal extension of great toe

Question 16

Plantar Aponeurosis

Answer 16

• Dense connective tissue
• Firmly anchored to calcaneous (medial process of calcaneal tuberosity)
• Fans out to digits
• interconnected to superficial transverse metatarsal ligament - running at Metatarsal phalangeal joints

Question 17

What is the function of the Plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 17

• Support longitudinal arch
• Protects structures in sole of foot
• holds tissue of the foot together
• protection - very thick and very tough.

Question 18

Plantar muscles, Layer #1

Answer 18

1. Abductor hallucis Muscle
2. Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle
3. Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Question 19

Abductor Hallucis muscle Origin

Answer 19

Medal process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

Question 20

Abductor Hallucis muscle Insertion

Answer 20

Medial side, plantar base of proximal phalanx of great toe; Also on medial sesamoid bone

Question 21

Abductor Hallucis muscle Innervation

Answer 21

Medial Plantar Nerve (S1-S3)

Question 22

Abductor Hallucis muscle Action

Answer 22

Abduction and flexion of great toe at Metatarsal phalangeal joint