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Anatomy > Posterior Thigh Muscles > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 hamstring muscles?

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
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2
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity by common tendon wich Biceps Femoris muscle; low medial aspect of ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle Insertion

A

Proximal, medial surface of tibia into Pes Anserinus

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4
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle innervation

A

Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)

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5
Q

Semitendinosus Muscle Action

A

Flexes and slightly medially rotates leg at knee joint; Hip extension, medial rotation

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6
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity; upper lateral aspect

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7
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle Insertion

A

Medial condyle of tibia; posteromedial aspect (forms most of Oblique popliteal ligament)

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8
Q

Semimebranosus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)

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9
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle Action

A

Flexes and slightly medially rotates leg at knee joint; Hip extension, medial rotation

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10
Q

Biceps Femoris Muscle Origin

A

Long Head: Ischial tuberosity, low medial aspect by a common tendon with semitendinosus
Short Head: lateral lip of linea apsera (lower portion)

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11
Q

Biceps Femoris Muscle Insertion

A

Lateral surface, head of Fibula

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12
Q

Biceps Femoris Muscle Innervation

A

Long Head: Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)

Short Head: Common Fibular division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)

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13
Q

Biceps Femoris Muscle Action

A

Flexes and slightly laterally rotates leg at knee joint; Hip extension, lateral rotation

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14
Q

Obturator Internus Muscle Action

A

Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum

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15
Q

Superior Gemellus Muscle Origin

A

Ischial spine, outer surface

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16
Q

Superior Gemellus Muscle Insertion

A

Superior border of obturator internus and into medial side of greater trochanter of femur

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17
Q

Superior Gemellus Muscle Innervation

A

Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus (L5-S1)

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18
Q

Superior Gemellus Muscle Action

A

Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when hip was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum

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19
Q

Inferior Gemellus Muscle Origin

A

Upper aspect of Ischial tuberosity

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20
Q

Inferior Gemellus Muscle Insertion

A

Inferior border of obturator internus and into medial side of greater trochanter of femur

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21
Q

Inferior Gemellus Muscle Innervation

A

Nerve to Quadratus femoris and Inferior Gemellus (L5-S1)

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22
Q

Inferior Gemellus Muscle Action

A

Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum

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23
Q

Piriformis Muscle Action

A

Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum

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24
Q

Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Origin

A

Lateral aspect of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Insertion

A

Quadrate tubercle of femur

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26
Q

Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Innervation

A

Nerve to Quadtratus femoris and Inferior Gemellus (L5-S1)

27
Q

Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Action

A

Hip External Rotation

28
Q

Piriformis Muscle Origin

A

Anterior Sacrum lateral to sacral foramina

29
Q

Piriformis Muscle Insertion

A

Upper border greater trochanter of femur (medial side)

30
Q

Piriformis Muscle Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of L5-S2

31
Q

Piriformis Muscle Action

A

Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum

32
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle Origin

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

33
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle Insertion

A

Anterolateral surface greater trochanter of femur

34
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle Innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

35
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle Action

A

Hip abduction, internal rotation; steadies pelvis in gait

36
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle Origin

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

37
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle Insertion

A

Lateral surface greater trochanter of femur

38
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle Innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

39
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle Action

A

Hip Abduction, internal rotation; steadies pelvis in gait

40
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle Origin

A

Posterior gluteal line and crest of ilium; Fascia of Gluteus medius and Erector Spinae; Dorsal surface sacrum and coccyx; Sacrotuberous ligament

41
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle Insertion

A

Iliotibial tract: posterior border (3/4ths of fibers insert here); Gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4th of fibers here)

42
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle Innervation

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

43
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle Action

A

Hip Extension (Chief extensor); External rotation, abduction lateral stabilizer of hip and knee in iliotibial tract

44
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  1. Obturator Externus
  2. Piriformus
  3. Superior Gemellus
  4. Obturator Internus
  5. Inferior Gemellus
  6. Quadratus Femoris
  7. Gluteus Minimus
  8. Gluteus Medius
  9. Gluteus Maximus
  10. Tensor Fasciae Latae
45
Q

What is the function of the obturator internus bursa?

A

Protect the tendon as it goes over the ischium

46
Q

Iliotibial tract (IT Band)

A
  • superficial thickening of fascia lata

- Descends along lateral thigh from iliac tubercle to anterolateral superior surface of tibia.

47
Q

Functions of the Iliotibial tract

A
  1. acts as aponeurosis for tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles
  2. Through muscle attachments, helps stabilize leg in extension once extended
  3. Helps to laterally stabilize hip joint.
  4. Helps transfer weight from trunk/pelvis to the leg.
48
Q

Sciatic Nerve Pathway

A
  • Passes inferior to piriformis muscle between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of the femur.
  • Travels down lower extremity posterior to adductor magnus muscle
  • Divides into branches at distal thigh. (Tibial Division and Common Fibular Division)
49
Q

Tibial Nerve

A
  • Medial branch of the sciatic nerve
  • supplies hamstring portion of adductor magnus and all posterior thigh muscles except short head of the biceps
  • Travels midline down posterior or thigh to politeal fossa
50
Q

Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

A
  • Lateral branch of sciatic nerve
  • Innervates short head of biceps femoris
  • travels slightly lateral down posterior thigh to popliteal fossa
51
Q

Greater and lesser sciatic foraman Structure

A
  • formed by greater and lesser sciatic notches with the sacropinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
  • Structures exit pelvis through the foramen and some re-enter the pelvic region via the lesser sciatic foramen
52
Q

structures that exit the Greater Sciatic foramen

A
  1. Piriformis muscle (fills most of the foramen)
  2. Superior gluteal nerves and vessels: Travel superior to piriformis and then between gluteus minimus and medius muscles also supplying TFL
  3. Sciatic Nerve: Tibial and common fibular nerves - inferior to piriformis.
  4. Nerve to Inferior Gemellus and Quadratus Femoris: Exits deep to sciatic nerve
  5. Posterior femoral cutaneous: Travels down the back of the thigh
  6. Inferior gluteal vessels and nerves: exit inferior to Piriformis muscle
  7. Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus: Supplies superior gemellus, then crosses ischial spine to re-enter pelvis
  8. Pudendal vessels and nerve: exit medialy, cross spine of ichium and re-enters pelvis
53
Q

Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic forament to enter perineum

A
  1. Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus:

2. Pudendal vessels and nerve

54
Q

Structures that exit the lesser sciatic foramen

A
  1. Obturator Internus Muscle: Exits lesser sciatic foramen to insert at medial surface of greater trochanter
55
Q

Branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery

A

4 perforating branches given off as the profunda femoris travels distally piercing the adductor magnus muscle to supply posterior thigh

  1. 1st Branch - superior to Adductor Brevis Muscle
  2. 2nd Branch - Anterior to Adductor Brevis Muscle
  3. 3rd Branch - Inferior to Addictor Brevis Muscle
  4. Terminal branch - Profunda Femoris ends as the last branch
56
Q

Superficial Venous Drainage - Greater Saphenous Vein

What forms it?

A

Dorsal vein of Great Toe

Dorsal venous Arch

57
Q

Superficial Venous Drainage - Lesser Saphenous Vein

What forms it?

A

Dorsal vein of the little toe

Dorsal Venous arch

58
Q

Path of the Great Saphenous Vein

A
  • Travels up medial side of lower limb
  • Anterior to medial malleolus
  • posterior over medial epicondyle
  • Enters Saphenous Opening
  • Empties into femoral vein
59
Q

Path of the Lesser Saphenous Vein

A
  • Travels posterior to lateral malleolus
  • Lateral to Achilles Tendon
  • Pierces crural fascia between heads of gastrocnemius muscle
  • Empties into popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
60
Q

Ligaments of the Pelvis Function

A
  • Thick and Strong ligaments for Muscle attachments and subdividing the region info Foramina
61
Q

Sacrotuberous Ligament of the Pelvis - Base and Apex

A

BASE:

  • Dorsal/Lateral Margin of the sacrum
  • Dorsal/Lateral surface of Coccyx
  • PSIS

APEX:
Medial margin of the Ischial Tuberosity

Posterior to Sacrospinous ligament

62
Q

Sacrospinous Iigament

A

Base: Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx

Apex: Ischial Spine

63
Q

Function of Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligaments

A

together they transform sciatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramen

64
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Comprised of rolled edge of aponeurosis from external abdominal oblique muscle

Attachments: ASIS to pubic Tubercle

Forms superior border of femoral triangle

Anatomy (18 decks)

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