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Knee and Leg Muscles Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Posterior Leg Muscles - name the two compartments

A
  • Superficial:
    1. Gastrocnemius
    2. Soleus
    3. Plantaris
  • Deep Muscles:
    1. Popliteus
    2. Tibialis Posterior
    3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
    4. Flexor Digitorum
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2
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Origin

A

2 heads: Medial head is larger and more extensive

Medial head: Posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle

Lateral Head: Upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

Two heads merge at inferior margin of popliteal fossa

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3
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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4
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

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5
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Action

A
  • Foot plantar flexion

- Knee flexion

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6
Q

Soleus Muscle Origin

A
  • Upper 1/4 posterior surface of fibula and posterior aspect of head of fibula
  • Soleal line of tibia and middle 1/3 medial border of tibia
  • Tendinous arch formed between tibial and fibular attachments
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7
Q

Soleus Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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8
Q

Soleus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1/S2)

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9
Q

Soleus Muscle Action

A

Floot Plantar Flexion

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10
Q

Plantaris Muscle Origin

A

Inferior aspect lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

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11
Q

Plantaris Muscle Insertion

A

Medial border of calcaneal tendon at insertion to calcaneus

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12
Q

Plantaris Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1/S2)

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13
Q

Plantaris Muscle Action

A
  • Foot Plantar flexion

- Knee Flexion

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14
Q

Popliteus Muscle Origin

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur by cord like tendon that penetrates the fibrous membrane of the knee joint

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15
Q

Popliteus Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior surface of tibia, proximal to soleal line

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16
Q

Popliteus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L4-S1)

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17
Q

Popliteus Muscle Action

A
  • Knee Flexion

- Unlocks the knee joint as it begins to flex. (Lateral rotation of femur when foot is fixed)

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18
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Origin

A

Inferior 2/3rds posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe; tendon travels through groove on posterior talus and runs underneath sustentaculum tali.

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20
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S2/S3)

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21
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Great toe flexion
  • Assists with foot plantar flexion
  • Foot inversion.
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22
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Origin

A

Medial - Posterior surface tibia, distal to soleal line (about middle 1/3rd)

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23
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Base of distal phalanges, toes 2-5, plantar surface

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24
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S2/S3)

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25
Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Action
- Toes 2-5 flexion - Assists with foot plantar flexion - Foot inversion.
26
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
1. Tibialis Anterior 2. Extensor Hallusic Longus 3. Extensor Digitorum 4. Fibularis (Peroneus) tertius
27
Tibialis Anterior Muscle Origin
Lateral condyle, proximal 2/3s lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
28
Tibialis Anterior Muscle Insertion
Medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform and plantar base of 1st metatarsal bone
29
Tibialis Anterior Muscle Innervation
Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4/L5)
30
Tibialis Anterior Muscle Action
- Foot Dorsiflexion - Foot Inversion - Helps support medial arch of foot during walking
31
Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Origin
Middle 1/2 medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrance
32
Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Insertion
Dorsal Base, distal phalanx of great toe
33
Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Innervation
Deep Peroneal Nerve (L5/S1)
34
Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Action
- Great toe extension | - Foot dorsiflexion
35
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Origin
Lateral condyle Tibia, proximal medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
36
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Insertion
Dorsal base of middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 via Dorsal Digital Expansion
37
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Innervation
Deep Peroneal nerve (L5/S1)
38
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Action
- Extension of toes 2-5 | - Foot Dorsiflexion
39
Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Origin
Distal 1/3 medial surface fibula
40
Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Insertion
Dorsomedial base of 5th metatarsal
41
Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Innervation
Deep Peroneal Nerve (L5/S1)
42
Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Action
- Food Dorsiflexion | - Foot Eversion
43
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Origin
Head and proximal Lateral surface of fibula
44
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Insertion
Lateral - Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal bone
45
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Innervation
Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5-S2)
46
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Action
- Foot Plantar Flexion - Foot Eversion - Helps support lateral and transverse arches of foot
47
Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis Muscle Origin
Distal 2/3 lateral surface of fibula
48
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Insertion
Lateral tubercle at base of 5th metatarsal bone
49
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Innervation
Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5-S2)
50
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Action
- Foot Eversion
51
What are the bones involved in the knee joint?
Femur - Medial and lateral condyles Tibia - Medial and lateral condyles Patella
52
Knee Joint capsule (Capsule, Classifications, Arthrokinematics)
Capsule: Extensive and reinforced anteriorly by patella and patellar ligament Classification: Primarily a hinge joint; double condyloid joint; Gliding between patella and femur
53
What are the knee joint motions?
Primary is flexion and extension - Some medial and lateral rotation - Femoral condyles glide/rock on tibia durning flexion/extension in weight bearing - Last ~ 20 degrees of extension, lateral femoral condyle rocks while medial condyle glides. - Femur rotates medially on tibia and locks - In weight bearing, femur must rotate laterally to unlock knee for flexion - Aided by popliteus muscle
54
Medial and lateral menisci
- Semilunar fibrocartilage discs - Attached to tibial condyles to form sockets for femur - Medial meniscus is larger - "C" Shaped - Lateral meniscus is smaller - "O" Shaped
55
What are the ligaments of the knee?
1. Fibular Collateral (Lateral Collateral Ligament) 2. Tibial Collateral (Medial Collateral Ligament) 3. Oblique Popliteal 4. Arcuate Popliteal 5. Ligamentum Patellae 6. Transverse Ligament 7. Coronary Ligaments 8. Cruciate Ligaments (Anterior and Posterior)
56
Lateral Collateral (Fibular Collateral) Ligament
- Attaches from lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula - STRONG cord - Separate from capsule and meniscus
57
Medial Collateral (Tibial Collateral)
- Broad and flat ligament - Attaches from Medial epicondyle of femur to below the medial condyle of tibia - Attached to medial meniscus - Like a piece of duct tape on the medial knee joint. - A tear of the medial collateral ligament also tears injures the medial meniscus
58
Oblique Popliteal ligament
- Extension of the semimebranosus tendon - Posterior location - adds strength - POSITION: Posterior medial tibial condyle to lateral femoral condyle - Blends with capsule
59
Arcuate popliteal ligament
From posterior fibular head, over popliteus tendon to posterior knee joint
60
Ligamentum patellae
From patella to tibial tuberosity
61
Transverse ligaments
Runs anteriorly connecting medial and lateral menisci
62
Coronary Ligaments
Attaches menisci to tibial plateaus
63
Cruciate Ligaments (General linformation)
- Within the fibrous capsule, but not within synovial membrane - Name based on their tibial attachments - Anterior and posterior
64
Anterior cruciate ligament
- From posterior intercondylar area of tibia to posterior medial side of lateral femoral condyle - Travels superior, posterior, and laterally - Prevents FORWARD displacement of tibia on femur in FLEXION - Prevents POSTERIOR displacement of femur on tibia ini EXTENSION - Tension while flexing knee limits rolling over femur on tibia and coverts movement to a spin.
65
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- From posterior intercondylar area of tibia to anterior lateral side of medial condyle of femur. - Travels superior, anterior, medially. - Prevents BACKWARD displacement of tibia on femur in FLEXION. - Stronger than ACL - Main stabilizer for femur when weight bearing on flexed knee.
66
Bursa - what do they do?
There are many bursa in the knee: - Suprapatellar bursa - continuous with the synovial cavity - Prepatellar Bursa - Superficial and Deep infrapatellar bursa - The prepatellar bursa are not continuous with the synovial cavity
67
Tibialis Posterior Muscle Origin
Posterior surface of tibia, Upper 1/2 and interosseous membrane and upper posterior surface of fibula
68
Tibialis Posterior Muscle Insertion
Tuberosity of Navicular bone with slip to medial cuneiform (may have slips to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of metatarsals 2-4)
69
Tibialis Posterior Muscle Innervation
Tibial Nerve (L4-L5)
70
Tibialis Posterior Muscle Action
Foot Plantar flexion Foot Inversion Supports medial arch during walking
71
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
1. Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle | 2. Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle
72
What is the common nerve for the deep muscles of the posterior compartment?
Tibial nerve
73
What is the common action for the lateral compartment of leg muscles?
Foot Eversion
74
What is the common nerve for the lateral compartment of leg muscles?
Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
75
What is the common blood supply for the lateral compartment?
Fibular artery (Inferior in this compartment)
76
What is the common nerve for the anterior compartment?
Deep fibular (Peroneal) nerve
77
What is the common blood supply for the anterior compartment?
Anterior tibial artery
78
What is the common action for the anterior compartment?
Dorsiflexion of the ankle
79
What is the common blood supply for the deep muscles of the posterior compartment
Posterior tibial artery
80
What is the common action for the deep muscles of the posterior compartment
Ankle plantar flexion
81
Popliteal Fossa Boundaries:
Superior/Medial: Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus muscles Superior/Lateral: Biceps Femoris Muscle Inferior/Medial: Medial head of the Gastrocnemius Inferior/Lateral: Lateral head of the Gastrocnemius and Plantaris muscle
82
Popliteal Fossa - Floor
Superior 1/3: Popliteal Surface of femur Middle 1/3: Posterior surface of knee joint capsule Inferior 1/3: Popliteus muscle
83
Popliteal fossa - contents
- Popliteal artery with genicular branches - Anterior/posterior tibial arteries - Popliteal vien - Tibial Nerve - Common peroneal nerve - Popliteal lymph nodes
84
Blood supply to knee and leg
Femoral artery (goes through adductor hiatus and changes name to Popliteal artery) Popliteal artery travels between politeus and gastrocnemius muscles; Deep to tendinous arch of soleus and divides into anterior/posterior tibial arteries
85
What are the branches of Popliteal Artery?
1. Superior lateral genicular artery 2. Superior medial genicular artery 3. Middle genicular artery 4. Inferior lateral genicular artery 5. Inferior medial genicular artery

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