Foot, Peripheral Pulses

Question 1

What are the main ligaments of the foot?

Answer 1

1. Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
2. Lateral Ligament
3. Spring Ligament
4. Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments

Question 2

What ligaments make up the Medial (Deltoid) Ligament?

Answer 2

1. Tibiocalcaneal
2. Tibionavicular
3. Anterior Tibiotalar
4. Posterior Tibiotalar

Question 3

What ligaments make up the Lateral Ligament?

Answer 3

1. Calcaneofibular
2. Anterior Talofibular
3. Posterior Tibofibular

Question 4

What is the other name for the Spring Ligament?

Answer 4

Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament

Question 5

Where does the Spring Ligament attach?

Answer 5

1. Anterior margin of Sustentaculum Tali

2. Inferior surface and tuberosity of Navicular

Question 6

What are the functions of the Spring Ligament?

Answer 6

1. Maintain arches of the foot

2. Stabilises the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

Question 7

What ligaments make up the Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments?

Answer 7

1. Long Plantar Ligament
2. Short Plantar Ligament
3. Bifurcated Ligament

Question 8

Where does the Long Plantar Ligament Attach?

Answer 8

Attaches from the underside of Calcaneus to the cuboid and the bases of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Metatarsal bones

Question 9

Where does the Short Plantar Ligament attach?

Answer 9

Attaches from Calcaneus to the Cuboid Bone

Question 10

Where does the Bifurcated Ligament attach?

Answer 10

Y-shaped: Attaches from the upper surface of the calcaneus to both the cuboid and navicular

Question 11

What are the bones involved in the Medial Arch of the foot?

Answer 11

1. Calcaneus
2. Talus
3. 3 Cuneiforms
4. 1st 3 Metatarsals

Question 12

What are the supporting ligaments of the Medial Arch of the foot?

Answer 12

1. Planrar Ligaments (Spring ligament + Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments)
2. Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
3. Plantar Aponeurosis

Question 13

What are the supporting tendons of the Medial Arch of the foot?

Answer 13

1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Tibialis Posterior
3. Peroneus Longus
4. Flexor Digitorum Longus
5. Flexor Hallucis Longus
6. Intrinsic Foot Muscles

Question 14

What are the bones involved in the Lateral Arch of the foot?

Answer 14

1. Calcaneus
2. Cuboid
3. 2 metatarsals

Question 15

What are the supporting ligaments of the Lateral Arch of the Foot?

Answer 15

1. Plantar Ligaments (Spring ligament + Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments)
2. Plantar Aponeurosis

Question 16

What are the supporting tendons of the Lateral Arch of the foot?

Answer 16

1. Peroneus Longus
2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
3. Intrinsic Foot Muscles

Question 17

What are the bones involved in the Transverse Arch of the Foot?

Answer 17

1. Junction of tarsal bones with metatarsals
2. Cuboid
3. 3 Cuneiforms

Question 18

What are the supporting ligaments of the Transverse Arch of the foot?

Answer 18

1. Plantar Ligaments (Spring ligament + Calcaneo-Cuboid Ligaments)
2. Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligaments

Question 19

What are the supporting tendons of the Transverse Arch of the Foot?

Answer 19

1. Fibularis Longus

2. Tibialis Posterior

Question 20

Describe the movement of Inverting the foot

Answer 20

It is the movement of the foot so that the sole faces medially

Question 21

What are the joints involved in inverting the foot?

Answer 21

1, Talocalcaneonavicular (Mid-tarsal) joint

2. Calcaneocuboid (Transverse-Tarsal Joint)

Question 22

What are the muscles involved in inverting the foot?

Answer 22

1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor Hallucis Longus
3. Tibialis Posterior

Question 23

Describe the movement of Everting the foot

Answer 23

It is the movement of the foot so the sole faces laterally

Question 24

What are the joints involved in everting the foot?

Answer 24

1, Talocalcaneonavicular (Mid-tarsal) joint

2. Calcaneocuboid (Transverse-Tarsal Joint)

Question 25

What are the muscles involved in everting the foot?

Answer 25

1. Peroneus Longus | 2. Peroneus Brevis

Question 26

Describe the sole of the foot

Answer 26

1. Thick, hairless 2. Firmly found to underly deep fascia by numerous fibrous bands 3. Has many sweat glands

Question 27

What is the sensory nerve supply to the sole of the foot?

Answer 27

1. Medial Plantar Nerve | 2. Lateral Plantar Nerve

Question 28

Describe the Plantar Aponeurosis

Answer 28

It is triangular in shape and occupies the centre of the sole. The apex is attached to the calcaneus and the base divides into 5 slips, each dividing into 2 and diverging around the flexor tendons

Question 29

What are the functions of the sole of the foot?

Answer 29

1. Firm attachment to the skin 2. Protect neuromuscular bundle 3. Assist in maintaining arches

Question 30

How many layers of muscle are there in the foot?

Answer 30

4 layers

Question 31

What are in the 1st layer of muscles in the foot?

Answer 31

3 muscles--> Abductors (Hallucis and Digiti Mini) and Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Question 32

What are in the 2nd layer of muscles in the foot?

Answer 32

2 Muscles and 2 Tendons--> Lumbricals (4), Quadratus PLantae and Tendons of Flexor Haluucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus

Question 33

What are in the 3rd layer of muscles in the foot?

Answer 33

3 Muscles--> Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis and Adductor Hallucis

Question 34

What are in the 4th layer of muscles in the foot?

Answer 34

2 Muscles and 2 tendons--> Dorsal Interossei, Plantar interossei, and Tendons of Tibialis Posterior and Peroneus Longus

Question 35

What is the nerve supply to the sole of the foot?

Answer 35

Lateral Plantar Nerve, except the 3rd layer of muscles and the 1st Lumbrical, which are supplied by the Medial Plantar Nerve

Question 36

What is the arterial supply to the sole of the foot?

Answer 36

Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries, which arise from Posterior Tibial Artery

Question 37

What does the Medial Plantar Artery supply?

Answer 37

Medial side of the big toe

Question 38

Describe the course of Lateral Plantar Artery

Answer 38

It passes deep to flexor retinaculum and muscles of the foot to form the Plantar Arch, and joins with the Dorsalis Pedis Artery in the first inter metatarsal space

Question 39

Describe the venous drainage of the sole of the foot

Answer 39

Medial and Lateral Plantar Veins accompany their corresponding arteries and unite behind medial malleolus to form the Posterior Tibial Venae Comitantes

Question 40

Describe the Motor Nerve supply of the foot

Answer 40

1. Medial Plantar Nerve supplies Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis, Flexor Hallucis Brevis and 1st Lumbrical 2. Lateral Plantar Nerve supplies the rest of the muscle

Question 41

Describe the cutaneous nerve supply of the foot

Answer 41

Dorsal Side: - Mainly Superficial Peroneal Nerve - Deep Peroneal Nerve supplies first web space - Sural nerve supplies lateral side - Saphenous Nerve supplies medial side Plantar side: - Medial Plantar Nerve supplies medial 3.5 toes - Lateral Plantar nerve supplies lateral 1.5 toes

Question 42

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Femoral Artery?

Answer 42

1. Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis along the Inguinal Ligament

Question 43

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Popliteal Artery?

Answer 43

In the Popliteal Fossa when the knee is partially flexed

Question 44

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Posterior Tibial Artery?

Answer 44

Between the Medial Malleolus and Calcaneus

Question 45

Where would you palpate the pulse of the Dorsalis Pedis Artery?

Answer 45

In the proximal part of the First Dorsal Metatarsal Space, between the tendons of Extensor Hallucis Longus medially and Extensor Digitorum Longus Laterally

Question 46

What happens if there is fracture to the neck of the fibula?

Answer 46

Common Peroneal Nerve can be damaged--> Pateint presents with foot drop and inverted foot