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Anatomy (JC2) > Hip Joint and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Hip Joint and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint

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2
Q

What is the ‘socket’ of the hip joint?

A

The Acetabulum

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3
Q

What is the ‘ball’ of the hip joint?

A

The femoral head

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4
Q

What are the features of a Synovial Joint?

A
  1. Hyaline Articular Cartilage
  2. Capsule
  3. Joint Cavity
  4. Synovial Membrane
  5. Ligaments
  6. Movement
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5
Q

What are the features of the Acetabulum?

A
  1. C-shaped Articular Surface
  2. Notch
  3. Fibrous Labrum
  4. Transverse Ligament
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6
Q

What are the features of the Joint Capsule that encloses the Hip joint?

A

Proximal- Membrane is around the acetabulum
Distal: Anteriorly, the membrane attaches to the intertrochanteric line and posteriorly attaches halfway along the neck of the femur

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7
Q

What are the ligaments supporting the Hip Joint?

A
  1. Iliofemoral Ligament
  2. Pubofemoral Ligament
  3. Ischiofemoral Ligament
  4. Ligamentum Teres (Ligament of Head)
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8
Q

What are the features of the Iliofemoral Ligament?

A
  1. Y-Shaped

2. Lies anterior to the joint and attaches to the intertrochanteric Line

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9
Q

What are the features of the Pubofemoral Ligament?

A
  1. Triangular in shape

2. Fibres run inferior to the joint

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10
Q

What are the features of Ischiofemoral Ligament?

A
  1. Spiral-shaped
  2. Fibres run posterior to the joint
  3. Weakest of the 3 ligaments
  4. Zona orbicularis
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11
Q

What are the movements of the hip joint?

A
  1. Extension
  2. Flexion
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Lateral Rotation
  6. Medial Rotation
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12
Q

What muscles are responsible for Extension of the hip joint?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus

2. Hamstring muscles

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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for Flexion of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

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14
Q

What muscles are responsible for Abduction of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

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15
Q

What muscles are responsible for Adduction of the hip joint?

A

Medial Compartment of the Thigh

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for Lateral Rotation of the Hip Joint?

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A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Piriformis
  3. Obturator Internus
17
Q

What muscles are responsible for Medial Rotation of the Hip joint?

18
Q

What is the Blood Supply to the Hip joint?

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A
  1. Trochanteric Anastomosis
  2. Cruciate Anastomosis
  3. Retinacular Arteries
  4. Artery with Ligamentum Teres
19
Q

What is the Trochanteric Anastomosis?

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A

Vascular ring around the neck at the distal end of the joint capsule

20
Q

What arteries make up the Trochanteric Anastomosis?

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A
  1. Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  2. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
  3. Superior Gluteal Artery
  4. Inferior Gluteal Artery
21
Q

What arteries make up the Cruciate Anastomosis?

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A
  1. Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  2. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery
  3. Inferior Gluteal Artery
  4. 1st Perforating Artery
22
Q

What are the branches of the Retinacular Artery?

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A
  1. Metaphyseal Branch (to neck)

2. Epiphyseal Branch (to head)

23
Q

In a child, what is the artery with ligament teres?

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A

Foveolar Artery

24
Q

What nerves supply the hip joint?

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A
  1. Sciatic Nerve
  2. Femoral Nerve
  3. Obturator Nerve
  4. Gluteal Nerve
25
What are the 2 types of Hip Fractures?
1. Femoral Neck Fracture (Intracapsular) | 2. Intertrochanteric fracture (Extracapsular)
26
What happens in a Femoral Neck Fracture?
Both Cruciate and Trochanteric Anastomosis are disrupted, blood flow is disrupted, leading to avascular necrosis
27
What is the treatment for a Femoral Neck Fracture?
Total Hip Replacement
28
How do Hip Fractures look like?
The limb will appear shortened and laterally rotated
29
What nerve may be damaged in Hip dislocation?
Sciatic Nerve
30
What is the Popliteal Fossa?
Diamond-Shaped Intramuscular Space behind the Knee
31
What are the boundaries of the Popliteal Fossa?
Superior: Hamstrings Inferior: Gastrocnemius Roof: Fascia Lata Floor: Popliteal surface of Femur, Capsule of Knee Joint and Popliteus Muscle
32
A vessel pierces the Roof of the the Popliteal Fossa. What is this vessel?
Short Saphenous Vein
33
What are the contents of the Popliteal Fossa?
1. Tibial and Common Peroneal Nerves 2. Popliteal Artery 3. Popliteal Vein 4. Fat 5. Lymph Nodes
34
What are the origins of Popliteus Muscle?
Popliteal surface of Tibia
35
What are the attachments of Popliteus?
Lateral Condyle of Femur and Lateral Meniscus
36
What is the Nerve Supply to Popliteus?
Tibial Nerve
37
What are the actions of Popliteus?
Unlocks the knee--> pulls the lateral meniscus and lateral condyle posteriorly

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

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