Gluteal Region, Posterior Thigh

Question 1

What are the muscles in the Gluteal Region?

Answer 1

1. Gluteus Maximus
2. Gluteus Medius
3. Gluteus Minimus
4. Piriformis
5. Obturator Internus
6. Obturator Externus
7. Quadratus Femoris

Question 2

What are the origins of Gluteus Maximus?

Answer 2

1. Ilium
2. Sacrum
3. Sacrotuberous Ligament

Question 3

What are the insertions of Gluteus Maximus?

Answer 3

1. Iliotibial Tract

2. Gluteal Tuberosity

Question 4

What is the nerve supply to Gluteus Maximus?

Answer 4

Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)

Question 5

What are the actions of Gluteus Maximus?

Answer 5

1. Extension of hip

2. Lateral Rotation of hip

Question 6

What are the origins of Gluteus Medius?

Answer 6

Gluteal surface of Ilium

Question 7

What are the insertions of Gluteus Medius?

Answer 7

Greater Trochanter on Femur

Question 8

What is the nerve supply to Gluteus Medius?

Answer 8

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)

Question 9

What are the actions of Gluteus Medius?

Answer 9

Abduction of the entire lower limb

Question 10

What are the origins of Gluteus Minimus?

Answer 10

Gluteal Surface of Ilium

Question 11

What are the insertions of Gluteus Minimus?

Answer 11

Greater Trochanter on Femur

Question 12

What is the nerve supply to Gluteus Minimus?

Answer 12

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4-S1)

Question 13

What are the actions of Gluteus Minimus?

Answer 13

Abduction of entire lower limb

Question 14

What are the origins of Piriformis?

Answer 14

Anterior surface of sacrum

Question 15

What are the insertions of Piriformis?

Answer 15

Travels through the Greater Sciatic Foramen to insert into the Greater Trochanter on the Femur

Question 16

What is the nerve supply to Piriformis?

Answer 16

Nerve to Piriformis

Question 17

What are the actions of Piriformis?

Answer 17

Lateral Rotation and Abduction of Hip joint

Question 18

What are the origins of Obturator Internus?

Answer 18

Inner margin of Obturator Foramen

Question 19

What are the insertions of Obturator Internus?

Answer 19

Travels through the Lesser Sciatic Foramen to the medial side of the Greater Trochanter on the Femur

Question 20

What is the nerve supply to Obturator Internus?

Answer 20

Nerve to Obturator Internus

Question 21

What are the actions of Obturator Internus?

Answer 21

Lateral Rotation and Abduction of hip joint

Question 22

What are the origins of Quadratus Femoris?

Answer 22

Ischial Tuberosity

Question 23

What are the insertions of Quadratus Femoris?

Answer 23

Intertrochanteric Crest

Question 24

What is the nerve supply to Quadratus Femoris?

Answer 24

Nerve to Quadtratus Femoris

Question 25

What are the actions of Quadratus Femoris?

Answer 25

Lateral Rotation and stabilisation of the hip joint

Question 26

What are the nerves in the Gluteal region?

Answer 26

1. Sciatic Nerve 2. Pudendal Nerve 3. Superior Gluteal Nerve 4. Inferior Gluteal Nerve 5. Nerve to Piriformis 6. Nerve to Obturator Internus 7. Nerve to Quadratus Femoris 8. Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh

Question 27

What are the Arteries in the Gluteal Region?

Answer 27

Branches of the Internal Iliac Artery--> Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries, Medial and Lateral Femoral Circumflex Arteries

Question 28

Describe the Sciatic Nerve

Answer 28

1. Made up of 2 nerves fused together--> Tibial Nerve and Common Peroneal Nerve 2. Enters the gluteal region through the Greater Sciatic Foramen BELOW Piriformis

Question 29

What happens when Gluteus Medius and/or Gluteus Minimus is weak or paralysed?

Answer 29

Trendelenburg Gait--> Excessive tilt on opposite side because the muscle does not stabilise the pelvis when the person is walking

Question 30

What are the Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramen formed by?

Answer 30

1. Greater Sciatic Notch 2. Lesser Sciatic Notch 3. Sacrospinous Ligament 4. Sacrotuberous Ligament

Question 31

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

Answer 31

Key; Piriformis Muscle Above Piriformis: Superior Gluteal Nerve and Vessels Below Piriformis: Sciatic Nerve, Inferior Gluteal Nerve and Vessels, Pudendal Nerve and Vessels

Question 32

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 32

The Hamstrings: 1. Semimembranousus 2. Semitendinosus 3. Biceps Femoris

Question 33

What are the origins of Semimembranosus?

Answer 33

Ischial Tuberosity

Question 34

What are the insertions of Semimembranosus?

Answer 34

Medial side of Tibia

Question 35

What is the nerve supply to Semimembranosus?

Answer 35

Tibial part of Sciatic Nerve

Question 36

What are the actions of Semimembranosus?

Answer 36

Extend the hip and Flex the knee

Question 37

What are the origins of Semitendinosus?

Answer 37

Ischial Tuberosity

Question 38

What are the insertions of Semitendinosus?

Answer 38

Medial side of Tibia

Question 39

What is the nerve supply to Semitendinosus?

Answer 39

Tibial Part of Sciatic Nerve

Question 40

What are the actions of Semitendinosus?

Answer 40

Extend the hip and Flex the Knee

Question 41

What are the origins of Biceps Femoris?

Answer 41

Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity | Short Head: Posterior Femur

Question 42

What are the insertions of Biceps Femoris?

Answer 42

Head of the Fibula

Question 43

What is the nerve supply to Biceps Femoris?

Answer 43

Long Head: Tibial part of Sciatic Nerve | Short Head: Common Peroneal Part of Sciatic Nerve

Question 44

What are the actions of Biceps Femoris?

Answer 44

Extend the hip and flex the knee