Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy (JC2) > Knee, Ankle and Tibiofibular Joints > Flashcards

Knee, Ankle and Tibiofibular Joints Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

Modified Synovial Hinge Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is the Knee joint the most complex joint in the body?

A

Because it involves 3 different bones and 2 different joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the bones involved in the knee joint?

A
  1. Distal end of Femur
  2. Proximal end of Tibia
  3. Patella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the joints involved in the Knee joint?

A
  1. Patellofemoral Joint

2. Tibiofemoral Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the Articulating surfaces involved in the knee joint?

A
  1. Rounded condyles of Femur (Above)
  2. Condyles of Tibia (Below)
  3. Distal Femur and Patella( Anterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the C-Shaped discs separating the femoral condyles and tibial condyles and what are they made of?

A

Semilunar Menisci made of fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functions of the Menisci?

A
  1. Deepen the articular surface
  2. Act as a cushion for bones
  3. Medial Menisci is an attachment for the Medial Collateral Ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the tendon attaching to the Knee joint?

A

Quadriceps Femoris Tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Extracapsular ligaments involved in the Knee Joint?

A
  1. Patellar Ligament
  2. Medial Collateral Ligament
  3. Lateral Colateral Ligament
  4. Patellar Retinacula
  5. Oblique Popliteal Ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Patellar Ligament attached to?

A
  1. Lower border of Patella

2. Tibial Tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Medial Collateral Ligament attached to?

A
  1. Medial Femoral Condyle
  2. Medial Tibia
  3. Medial Meniscus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Lateral Collateral Ligament attached to?

A
  1. Lateral Femoral Condyle

2. Head of Fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments involved in the knee joint?

A
  1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
  2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
  3. Menisfemoral Ligament
  4. Transverse Ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the attachments of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

A
  1. Lateral Femoral Condyle

2. Anterior Tibial Plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the attachments of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

A
  1. Medial Femoral Condyle

2. Posterior Tibial Plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

A
  1. Hyperextension of the knee

2. Prevents femur from sliding backwards, tibia going forwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

A
  1. Prevents femur from sliding forwards, tibia sliding backwards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the movements of the Knee Joint?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Medial and Lateral Rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles (and nerve) is responsible for flexion of the knee joint?

A

Hamstrings–> Tibial Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What muscles (and nerve) are responsible for Extension of the Knee joint?

A

Quadriceps muscles–> Femoral Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What muscles are responsible for Medial and Lateral Rotation of the Knee joint?

A

Contraction of alternate hamstring muscles when the knee is in flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are Synovial Bursae and where are they found?

A

Fluid-filled, sac-like cavities found wherever skin, muscle or tendon rub against bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the functions of synovial bursae?

A

Reduce Friction and Facilitate movement of bones, muscle and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the Synovial Bursae around the knee joint?

A
  1. Suprapatellar Bursa
  2. Prepatellar Bursa
  3. Infrapatellar Bursa
  4. Semimembranous Bursa
  5. Popliteal Bursa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where is the Suprapatellar Bursa located?
Behind the quadriceps tendon above the patella, extending a handbreadth above the patella
26
Where is the Prepatellar Bursa located?
Anterior to the patella
27
Where is the Infrapatellar Bursa located?
Superficial and Deep to the Patellar Ligament
28
Where is the Semimembranous Bursa located?
Between the synovial membrane and joint
29
Where is the Popliteal Bursa located?
At the back of the knee joint, communicating with the joint cavity
30
What happens if the Prepatellar Bursa is inflamed?
Housemaid's Knee
31
What happens if the Infrapatellar Bursa is inflamed?
Clergyman's Knee
32
What is the blood supply to the knee joint?
Genicular arteries from the Popliteal Artery
33
What is the nerve supply to the knee joint?
1. Femoral Nerve 2. Tibial Nerve 3. Common Peroneal Nerve
34
How does passive rotation of the knee joint occur?
Locking and Unlocking of the knee joint
35
How does locking of the knee joint occur?
When the leg is in full extension, the Femur rotates medially on the tibia, making the knee rigid
36
How does unlocking of the knee joint occur?
The ligaments become untwisted and relaxed, and the popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur on the tibia
37
How do you test a patient for ACL injury?
Anterior Drawer or Lachman Test
38
Describe the Anterior Drawer Test
With the patient lying flat on their back, get them to flex the knee at a 90 degree angle. Pull on the tibia and compare the movement to the other leg.
39
How do you test a patient for PCL injury?
Posterior Drawer Test
40
Describe the Posterior Drawer Test
With the patient lying flat on their back, get them to flex the knee at a 90 degree angle. Push on the tibia and compare the movement to the other leg.
41
How do you test for Collateral Ligament Injuries?
With the patient legs straight, try to abduct and adduct the knee--> There should be little movement if normal
42
Why are Medial Meniscal injuries more common than Lateral Meniscal Injuries?
Because the medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament
43
What is an example of Synovial Herniation?
Baker's Cyst--> usually in semimembranous Bursa
44
What is injured in an 'Unhappy Triad' Injury?
1. Medial Collateral Ligament 2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament 3. Medial Meniscus
45
What are some Orthopaedic Injuries of the Knee (4)?
1. Knee Dislocation 2. Supracondylar Fracture of Femur 3. Knee Replacement 4. Patellar Dislocation/Fracture
46
What kind of joints are the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints?
Superoir: Synovial Joint Inferior: Fibrous Joint
47
What does the Talus articulate with?
1. Tibia 2. Fibula 3. Calcaneus
48
What kind of joint is the ankle joint?
Synovial Joint
49
What are the bones (and their parts) of the ankle joint?
1. Inferior tibial surface and medial malleolus of Tibia 2. Lateral malleolus of Fibula 3. Superior surface of Talus
50
What are the Ligaments involved in the ankle joint?
1. Deltoid Ligament (Medial Ligament) | 2. Lateral Ligament
51
What is the Deltoid/Medial Ligament of the ankle joint made of?
1. Tibiocalcaneal Part 2. Tibionavicular part 3. Anterior Tibiotalar Part 4. Posterior Tibiotalar part
52
What does the Deltoid/Medial Ligament of the ankle joint attach to?
1. Medial Malleolus 2. Sustentaculum Tali of Calcaneus 3. Navicular 4. Medial Tubercle of Talus
53
What is the Lateral Ligament of the ankle joint made of?
1. Calcaneofibular ligament 2. Anterior Talofibular ligament 3. Posterior Talofibular ligament
54
Which of the ligaments in the ankle joint is more susceptible to injury?
Lateral Ligament--> Anterior Talofibular part
55
What are the movements of the ankle joint?
1. Dorsiflexion of the foot | 2. Plantarflexion of the foot
56
What muscles and nerves are responsible for Dorsiflexion of the foot?
Anterior compartment of the leg--> Deep Peroneal Nerve
57
What muscles are responsible for Plantarflexion of the foot?
Muscles in Posterior Compartment of Leg--> Tibial Nerve
58
What are the joints responsible for Inversion and eversion of the foot?
Intertarsal joints
59
What are some traumatic injuries that may occur to the ankle joint?
1. Ligament sprains 2. Malleolar Fractures 3. Fractures of the Talus 4. Inferior Tibiofibular joint disruption
60
What is Pott's Fracture?
Bi-malleolar Fracture
61
What is the treatment for a Pott's fracture?
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)--> Surgery to realign the bone and putting in steel rods, screws and plates etc. to keep the bone stable
62
What happens when there is a fracture of the Talus?
Risk of Avascular Necrosis

Anatomy (JC2) (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions