Kidney, Adrenal Gland, Ureter Flashcards
(40 cards)
How big is the kidney?
- 4-5 inches long
2. 2 inches wide
What structures are anterior to the left kidney?
- Transverse and Descending Colon
2. Spleen (Superior-Lateral)
What structure are anterior to the Right Kidney?
- Ascending Colon
- Right Hepatic Flexure
- Peritoneum (superior)
- Duodenum (Medial)
What are the layers of Fascia over the kidney from superficial to deep?
- Pararenal Fat
- Gerota’s Renal Fascia
- Perirenal Fat
- Renal Capsule
What is the Renal Capsule?
Glistening membrane acting as the absolute outer layer of the kidney
What is the function of the Renal Capsule?
Prevent infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidneys
What is Gerota’s Fascia?
Dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney
What is the importance of Gerota’s Fascia?
It is an important landmark in determining the stage/spread of renal cell cancer
What is posterior to the kidney?
- Psoas Major
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Transversus Abdominis
What is in the hilum of the kidney from anterior to posterior?
- Renal Vein
- Renal Artery
- Ureter
What are the parts of the Kidney?
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Medulla
- Major Calyx
- Minor Calyx
- Renal Pelvis
What is in the Renal Cortex?
- Blood vessels
2. Renal Corpuscles
What is in the Renal Medulla?
Cone-shaped medullary pyramids made up of parallel bundles of Urine-Collecting Tubules
What is the pathway of urine from the Glomerulus to the Ureter?
Glomerulus–> Proximal Tubule–> Loop of Henle–> Distal Tubule–> Collecting Duct–> Minor Calyx–> Majory Calyx–> Renal Pelvis–> Ureter
Describe the course of the Ureter
Descends inferiorly and medially between Psoas Major and Blood Vessels until it crosses across the External Iliac Artery at the Sacroiliac Joint. It then goes through the Pelvic Rim and enters the Bladder Obliquely at the Trigone
What are the areas where Ureters can get constricted?
- Hilum of the Kidney at the Uretopelvic Junction
- At the Pelvic Rim in the Branching between internal and external iliac arteries
- At the entrance to the bladder
What is the blood supply to the Kidney?
Renal Artery (off aorta at L2)
- 2-4 branches anterior
- 1 branch posterior
What is the blood supply to the Ureter?
- Branches of Renal Artery
- Aorta
- Gonadal Artery
- Superior Vesical Arteries
- Inferior Vesical Arteries
What kind of Epithelium does the Ureter have and why?
Transitional Epithelium–> because it needs to be waterproof and distensible
What is the Nerve Supply to the Ureter?
Renal Plexus from T10-T12
Where is pain in the Ureter referred to?
- Back
- Lumbar Region (flank)
- Genitals
Where would you see the Ureters on a radiographic film?
Tips of transverse processes of L1-L5
What are kidney stones made of?
Calcium Oxalate +/- Phosphate
Where are the Adrenal Glands?
Located on the Superior pole of kidney (T12), enveloped in Gerota’s Renal Fascia
