For exam - Danny

Question 1

What is helping?

Answer 1

prosocial behaviour, positively valued acts

Question 2

What are the 2 kinds of helping

Answer 2

altruism - helping to benefit others

egoism - some self benefit involved

Question 3

What is evolutionary psychology?

Answer 3

The idea that social behaviour is adaptive - need to survive

Question 4

What is kin selection

Answer 4

Helping those who are genetically similar

We want genes to survive

Question 5

What is reciprocal altruism?

Answer 5

“if you help me i’ll help you”

Arises because of selection pressures

Question 6

How do selection pressures facilitate helping behaviour?

Answer 6

Groups that do not help each other do not survive

Question 7

How do emotions facilitate helping behaviour?

Answer 7

Positive emotions we get from helping encourage the behaviour

Question 8

What is moralistic aggression?

Answer 8

When someone does not reciprocate helping we feeling hostile - ensures we continue helping others

Question 9

What are neotenous features?

Answer 9

Indicate helplessness
Large forehead
small nose
small chin
shortened limbs

Question 10

What are the 5 stages of helping?

Answer 10

NIRDH

notice, interpret, responsibility, decide, help

Question 11

What causes the bystander effect?

Answer 11

diffusion of responsibility

social influence/unspoken norms

Question 12

When is the bystander effect most likely?

Answer 12

around unknown others
no future interactions
target is an outgroup

Question 13

How is the bystander effect elimitated?

Answer 13

Perceived competence

Question 14

How do we decide to help?

Answer 14

Bystander-calculus model

weighing up the pros and cons of helping

Question 15

What is the norm of reciprocity?

Answer 15

We help others who have helped us in the past

Question 16

What is the norm of social responsibility?

Answer 16

We take care of those who are in need

Question 17

What is social modelling?

Answer 17

We adopt the behaviours of others

Question 18

What is negative state relief model?

Answer 18

We help others to get rid of a bad mood

Question 19

What is the independent variable?

Answer 19

The predictor - explains variability in outcome

Question 20

What is the dependant variable?

Answer 20

outcome, what you are interested in

Question 21

What is moderation?

Answer 21

A influencing X’s effect on Y

Question 22

What is mediation?

Answer 22

A is causally located between X and Y

Question 23

What are the 3 types of social influence?

Answer 23

Conformity, compliance, obedience

Question 24

What is conformity?

Answer 24

adjusting behaviour to match norms

Question 25

What is compliance?

Answer 25

changing behaviour at others' request

Question 26

What is obedience?

Answer 26

Changing due to authority's demands

Question 27

What is informational influence? (Sherif)

Answer 27

searching for understanding in a group

Question 28

What is private conformity? (Sherif)

Answer 28

internalising a norm learnt in a group, lasting

Question 29

What is the difference between informational and normative influence?

Answer 29

informational - internalised, need to be correct | normative - not internalised, need to belong

Question 30

What are the 3 compliance techniques?

Answer 30

1. foot in the door 2. door in the face 3. pique

Question 31

what is the foot in the door technique?

Answer 31

if you agree to a small request you will comply with a large one change in self perception - think you are a helpful person

Question 32

what is the door in the face technique?

Answer 32

if you reject a large request, you are more likely to accept a small request

Question 33

what is the pique technique?

Answer 33

an odd request is a disruption to the refusal script

Question 34

how is obedience enhanced?

Answer 34

through authority demands, power of the situation

Question 35

what is the social impact theory?

Answer 35

1. social impact = f(strength x immediacy x number) 2. operates according to the psychosocial law 3. dec as targets inc

Question 36

what is f(strength x immediacy x number)

Answer 36

status of people matters immediacy = how close people are number = more people, more conformity

Question 37

what is psychosocial law?

Answer 37

each additional source has less added impact

Question 38

what is 'decreases as targets increase'

Answer 38

bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility F | increase in targets diffuses social impact

Question 39

what is the impact of performance in groups?

Answer 39

individual effort decreases, social loafing

Question 40

what are the intergroup attitudes?

Answer 40

feeling - prejudice thinking - stereotype doing - discrimintation

Question 41

what is the realistic conflict theory?

Answer 41

hostility emerges because people compete over scarce resources

Question 42

what is relative deprivation theory?

Answer 42

a subjective belief that you or your group are worse off than similar others

Question 43

what are the 2 types of deprivation?

Answer 43

individual based deprivation - comparison between self and others group based deprivation - comparison between in and out groups

Question 44

what are the impacts of individual-based deprivation?

Answer 44

effects health and wellbeing - internalised | does not frequently lead to protesting

Question 45

what are the impacts of group based deprivation?

Answer 45

predictor of support for collective action of belief of your group - externalised EVLN

Question 46

What are the 4 types of protest?

Answer 46

``` EVLN exit voice loyalty neglect ```

Question 47

what is the minimal group paradigm?

Answer 47

mere social categorisation leads to ingroup favouratism do not need interaction, identification, competition or self-interest

Question 48

what is social identity theory?

Answer 48

'group' component of self-concept

Question 49

what are the effects of social categorisation?

Answer 49

bias, competition not needed

Question 50

what are some ways of reducing intergroup conflict?

Answer 50

contact theory | common ingroup identity model

Question 51

what is needed for contact theory? (Allport)

Answer 51

equality common goals intergroup cooperation authority support

Question 52

what is the common ingroup identity model?

Answer 52

having a larger superordinate identity that encompasses ingroup and out group outgroup becomes the ingroup