For exam - Sam Flashcards
(60 cards)
what is the ABC of attitudes?
cognition - thoughts
affect - evaluation
behaviour - acting
through which 3 ways are attitudes formed?
social learning
personal experience
mere exposure
what is the mere exposure effect?
people hold more positive attitudes to something they have seen before
what is the illusion of truth effect?
people hold more positive attitudes towards something they have seen many times before
what is classical conditioning?
linking something new with something positive to create a positive attitude towards the new thing
what is operant conditioning?
attitudes associated with reward and punishment
what is observational learning?
acquiring attitudes by observing others, trying to conform
what is the impressionable years hypothesis
the idea that people’s attitudes change the most in late adolescence/early adulthood
what are explicit attitudes?
attitudes we are aware of and can report to others
what are implicit attitudes?
attitudes we are unaware of, have less control over
which 2 things impact whether someone will act consistently with their attitudes?
- social context
2. attitude strength
what is a situational constraint?
an influence on behaviour based on the likelihood that people around you will agree/disagree with your attitudes
what is importance?
the amount of psychological significance a person places on an attitude
what is extremity?
attitudes that sit at the end of a continuum
what is certainty?
how confident you are your attitude is correct?
when is certainty higher?
- when you have lots of knowledge
- when you know others agree
- if you repeat attitude often
what is accessibility?
how quickly an attitude can be retrieved from memory
what is spontaneous behaviour?
as events happen, we react quickly without thinking
what is reasoned behaviour?
giving careful thought to attitudes
what is perceived behavioural control?
whether you believe you can actually do it, impacts whether something becomes a behaviour
which 3 techniques make up social learning?
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- observational learning
what are 4 roots maintain attitudes?
- vested interests
- personal identity
- social identity
- fears/phobias
what is vested interests?
motivated to be more skeptical about findings if they conflict with how we live
what is personal identity?
we want others to view us in positive ways, do this through expressing attitudes