forearm and elbow

Question 1

prominent concavity at the wrist that develops when thumb is extended

Answer 1

anatomical snuff box

Question 2

the ____ is located medially and the ____ is located laterally

Answer 2

ulna

radius

Question 3

Proxima ulna has a pointed ______ and roughened _______ for attachment of the brachialis muscle

Answer 3

coronoid process

ulnar tuberosity

Question 4

radius and ulna are connected by the

Answer 4

interosseous membrane

Question 5

serves as an attachment for muscles of the forearm and compartmentalizes the forearm into anterior vs posterior

Answer 5

interosseous membrane

Question 6

orientation of interosseous fibers

Answer 6

course inferomedially to attach on the ulna

Question 7

dinner fork deformity

Answer 7

distal radial frature fragment displaces dorsally producing a characteristic “jog” in the forearm

Question 8

colles fracture

Answer 8

distal radial fractures that displace posteriorly, usually when a person attempts to break their fall by landing on an extended hand (FOOSH)

Question 9

how many carpal bones in the wrist?

Answer 9

8 carpal

Question 10

small carpal bones that articulated with the distal radius (wrist joint)

Answer 10

scaphoid and lunate

Question 11

the hand has __ metacarpal bones

Answer 11

5

Question 12

the hand as ____ phalanges and what are they called?

Answer 12

14 proximal, middle, distal

Question 13

antecubital fossa houses

Answer 13

brachial artery and median nerve

Question 14

the _______ represents the long gateway to the palm for the 9 long flexor tendons and the median nerve

Answer 14

carpal tunnel

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

anterior forearm compartment houses

Answer 16

flexor/pronator muscles

Question 17

posterior forearm compartment houses

Answer 17

extensors/supinators

Question 18

superficial flexors of the forearm

Answer 18

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) (kind of intermediate)

Question 19

common flexor origin

Answer 19

the medial epicondyle of the humerus is the site of origin for superficial forearm muscles

Question 20

golfer’s elbow

Answer 20

medial epicondylitis (flexing repetitions leads to inflammation)

Question 21

deep flexors of the forearm

Answer 21

flexor digitorum profundus

flexor pollicis longus

protonator quadratus

Question 22

deep muscles of the forearm are innervted by

Answer 22

AIN - anterior interosseous nerve

the flexor digitorum profundus is also innervated dually by the ulnar nerve (medial half)

Question 23

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

Answer 23

dually innervated - the AIN and the ulnar nerve

Question 24

innervation of the superficial flexors of the forearm

Answer 24

median nerve

except the flexor carpi ulnaris is the ulnar nerve

Question 25

action of FDS

Answer 25

flexes the middle phalanx at the PIPJ

Question 26

muscles that produce pronation of the forearm

Answer 26

protonator teres (superficial flexor) protonator quadratus (deep flexor)

Question 27

age group of colles fracture

Answer 27

older than 50 most common

Question 28

protonation means

Answer 28

radius crosses over ulna

Question 29

which muscle initiates pronation of the forearm?

Answer 29

protonator quadratus

Question 30

innervation of protonator quardratus

Answer 30

median nerve

Question 31

role of protonator teres

Answer 31

assists the quadrates when more speed/power is required

Question 32

two muscles that produce flexion of the fingers

Answer 32

FDS (superficialis) FDP (profundus)

Question 33

strength of the flexor digitorus superificals and profundus

Answer 33

very strong!

Question 34

flexor retinaculum

Answer 34

sheath that anchors tendons down so they aren't ballooning

Question 35

action of FDP

Answer 35

flexes the distal interphalangeal joint DIP of the finger

Question 36

functional extensor groups

Answer 36

extensors of the wrist extensors of the digits extensors/abductors of the thumb

Question 37

innervation of extensor compartment of forearm

Answer 37

radial nerve

Question 38

origination of the extensor muscles of the forearm

Answer 38

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 39

tennis elbow

Answer 39

lateral epicondylitis

Question 40

extensor muscles of the wrist their function

Answer 40

extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extend and stabilize the wrist (like hadshake stabilizes)

Question 41

extensor muscles of the digits

Answer 41

extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor indicis

Question 42

long tends of the extensors of the digits insert onto the _______ of the digits

Answer 42

extensor expansion/hood

Question 43

extensors/abductors of the thumb

Answer 43

abductor pollicis longus APL extensor pollicis brevis EPB extensor pollicis longus EPL

Question 44

extensor/abductors of the thumb are often refered to as ________ and form the boundaries of the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 44

outcropping muscles anatomical snuffbox

Question 45

muscles that assist with intricate and precise movements of the thumbs

Answer 45

APL EPB EPL

Question 46

the wrist secures the extensor tendons by the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

extensor retinaculum - a localized thickening of antebrachial fascia (has synovial fluid in it)

Question 47

the extensor tendons of the forearm are compartmentalized in the extensor retinaculum into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

6 fibro-osseous tunnels

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

ganglion or synovial cyst

Answer 51

thin walled cyst that contains clear synovial fluid - common on the dorsum of the wrist "bible cyts"

Question 52

common site for bible cysts

Answer 52

extensor carpi radialis/brevis tendons near the wrist

Question 53

De Quervian's Tenosynovitis

Answer 53

inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheaths of the EPB and APL mom's wrist or housewife's wrist

Question 54

finkelstein test

Answer 54

positive test means severe pain in the anatomical snuff box

Question 55

treatment for De Quervian's Tenosynovitis

Answer 55

treatment involves splinting, ant inflammatory meds (NSAIDs i.e. motrin) and often steroid injection around the tendons sheaths to reduce inflammation

Question 56

common injury site for ulnar nerve

Answer 56

since it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle in the cubital tunnel

Question 57

innervation of ulnar nerve

Answer 57

innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, and medial half of the FDP tendons to digits 4/5

Question 58

canal of guyon

Answer 58

a groove on the anterior aspect of the wrist/hand where the ulnar nerve passes

Question 59

cyclist palsy

Answer 59

compression of the ulnar nerve in the canal of guyon

Question 60

branches of radial nerve

Answer 60

superficial and deep

Question 61

superficial branch of radial nerve

Answer 61

cutaneous and sensory only!!! to a portion of the dorsum of the hand

Question 62

deep branch of the radial nerve

Answer 62

pierces supinator muscle and enters the extensor compartment where it continues as the posterior interosseous nerve not a sensory component here

Question 63

what artery are we feeling at the wrist?

Answer 63

radial

Question 64

ligaments of the elbow joint

Answer 64

radial collateral ulnar collateral annular ligament

Question 65

tommy john surgery

Answer 65

ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

Question 66

collar around the head of the radius

Answer 66

annular ligament

Question 67

nursemaids elbow

Answer 67

radial head dislocation - partially tearing the annular ligament or dislocating the radial head

Question 68

who gets nursemaids elbow

Answer 68

common in toddlers age 1-4 when parts are picking them up or they are being pulled

Question 69

MCP joint

Answer 69

metacarpophalangeal joints- head of meticarpal articulase with base of proximal phalanx

Question 70

gamekeeps thumb

Answer 70

ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb also skier's thumb

Question 71

chief nerve of forearm flexors

Answer 71

median nerve

Question 72

the median nerve passes ____ the flexor retinaculum (roof of the carpal tunnel)

Answer 72

beneath - common site of entrapment

Question 73

Radial nerve is BEST

Answer 73

radial nerve innervates Brachioradialis Extensors Supinator Triceps

Question 74

Answer 74