pectoral region and brachial plexus

Question 1

clavicle helps _____ from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Answer 1

transmit shock

Question 2

most frequently fractured bone in the body

Answer 2

clavicle

Question 3

80% of adult fractures are through the ______ of the bone

Answer 3

middle 1/3

Question 4

is a clavicular fracture clinically obvious?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

shoulder on affected side of a clavicular fracture is usually _____ than other side

Answer 5

lower…

the SCM elevates the proximal fragment

Question 6

most frequently broken bone during labor/delivery

Answer 6

clavicle

Question 7

joints of clavicle

Answer 7

sternoclavicular joint

acromioclavicular joint

Question 8

only true articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton

Answer 8

sternoclavicular joint

Question 9

motion at the SC joint

Answer 9

about 60 degrees

Question 10

costoclavicular ligament

Answer 10

anchors sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib

Question 11

FOOSH

Answer 11

falling on an outstretched hand/arm

intra-articular fibrocartilagenous disc acts as shock absorber

Question 12

ligaments of the AC joint

Answer 12

acromioclavicular ligament - provides strength to the joint capsule

coracoclavlicular extrinsic ligaments- trapezoid and conoid ligaments unite coracoid process and to clavicle

Question 13

situations where AC injuries are common

Answer 13

football/hockey

Question 14

acromioclavicular injuries are graded according to the _____ of ligamentous damage

Answer 14

severity

Question 15

1st degree tear

Answer 15

stretch or minor tear of the AC ligament but it is still intact

Question 16

2nd degree AC tear

Answer 16

a rupture of AC ligament with subluxation of the joint

Question 17

3rd degree

Answer 17

severe injuries where both the AC and the coracoclavicular ligaments are torn

Question 18

shoulder separation

Answer 18

referes to the separation of the clavicle with the shoulder and acromion

Question 19

piano sign

Answer 19

3rd degree injury - AC dislocation with prominent clavicle

Question 20

anterior thoracoappendicular muscles

Answer 20

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius
serratus anterior

Question 21

origin of pectoralis major

Answer 21

coracoid process of clavicle and 3-5th ribs sternocostal

Question 22

insertion of pectoralis major

Answer 22

inserts into the bicipital groove of the humerus

Question 23

innervation of the pectoralis major

Answer 23

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 24

action of pectoralis major

Answer 24

medially rotates, adducts, flexes the arm

Question 25

Pectoralis minor insertion

Answer 25

coracoid process

Question 26

pectoralis minor function

Answer 26

stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall also accessory respiratory muscle

Question 27

origin of pectoralis minor

Answer 27

anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs

Question 28

innervation of the pectoralis minor

Answer 28

medial pectoral nerve

Question 29

pectoralis minor forms a bridge over these major neuromuscular structures entering the arm

Answer 29

axillary artery axillary vein brachial plexus

Question 30

the ________ is a continuation of the subclavian artery as it passes the lateral margin of the 1st rib

Answer 30

brachial? artery

Question 31

provides vascular supply to the pectoral girdle and shoulder region

Answer 31

axillary artery

Question 32

this muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts

Answer 32

pectoralis minor

Question 33

generally there are ___ branches that arise from the axillary artery

Answer 33

6

Question 34

1st part of axillary artery has one branch

Answer 34

superior thoracic artery 1st and 2nd intercostal space between ribs

Question 35

2nd part of axillary artery has two branches

Answer 35

thoracoacromial trunk - divides into 4 branches (deltoid, acromial, pectoral, clavicular) lateral thoracic artery - pectoral muscles and breast

Question 36

3rd part of axillary artery has three branches

Answer 36

subscapular (largest) anterior humeral circumflex (around surgical neck) posterior humeral circumflex (around surgical neck)

Question 37

many axillary arterial branches contribute to a large __________ that provides collateral circulation around the scale/muscles

Answer 37

anastomotic arcade

Question 38

subscapular artery

Answer 38

longest branch that supplies the muscles and anastomoses around the scapula, gives rise to the thoracodosal and scapular circumflex artery in the triangular space

Question 39

anterior and posterior humeral circumflex

Answer 39

help vascularize the humerus and surrounding muscles (posterior goes through the quadrangular space)

Question 40

collateral circulation of axillary artery

Answer 40

numerous blood vessels anastomose around the scapula and can convey blood to the arm, invade the axillary artery ever is blocked/thrombosis

Question 41

large nerves network that innervates the upper extremity and all its associated musculature

Answer 41

brachial plexus

Question 42

5 segments of the brachial plexus

Answer 42

``` roots trunks divisions cords branches ``` Real Truckers Drink Cold Beer to MARMU

Question 43

roots of brachial plexus

Answer 43

ventral rami of C5 to T1 spinal nerves

Question 44

trunks of the brachial plexus

Answer 44

superior - C5 and C6 middle - C7 inferior - C8 and T1

Question 45

divisions of the brachial plexus

Answer 45

each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division

Question 46

anterior divisions of the brachial plexus

Answer 46

eventually forms nerves that innervate muscles in flexor (anterior) compartments of the upper limb

Question 47

posterior divisions of the brachial plexus

Answer 47

combine and eventually form nerves that innervate muscles in extensor (posterior) compartments of the upper limb

Question 48

cords of brachial plexus

Answer 48

3 cords that are named in relation to the axillary artery lateral cord medial cord posterior cord

Question 49

lateral cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 49

both anterior divisions of superficial and middle trunk

Question 50

medial cord

Answer 50

the anterior division of the inferior trunk

Question 51

posterior cord

Answer 51

the posterior portion of all 3 trunks (superior, medial and inferior)

Question 52

branches of the brachial plexus

Answer 52

MARMU ``` musculocutaneous axillary nerve radial nerve median nerve ulnar nerve ```

Question 53

the lateral cord gives rise to the _______ and the lateral root of the _____ nerve

Answer 53

musculocutaneous median

Question 54

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 54

innervates flexors of the arm

Question 55

ulnar nerve

Answer 55

intrinsic muscles of the hand and some forearm flexors

Question 56

axillary nerve

Answer 56

innervates deltoid and teres minor

Question 57

musculocutaneous nerve roots

Answer 57

C5,6,7

Question 58

axillary nerve roots

Answer 58

C5,6

Question 59

radial nerve roots

Answer 59

C5,6,7,8, T1

Question 60

median nerve roots

Answer 60

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 61

radial nerve

Answer 61

innervates extensors of the arm and forearm (from the posterior cord and division)

Question 62

median nerve

Answer 62

innervates most forearm flexors and thumb muscles

Question 63

________ nerves all innervate muscles that adduct and medially rotate the arm

Answer 63

subscapular nerves

Question 64

sub scapular nerves

Answer 64

upper scapular (c5, c6) middle (thoracodorsal) subscapular (c6,7,8) lower sub scapular (c5, c6)

Question 65

The ______ and the ______ pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the cervical region

Answer 65

roots of the plexus and the subclavian artery

Question 66

the deep fascia that surrounds the scalene muscles in the neck is called the

Answer 66

prevertebral fascia

Question 67

the prevertebral fascia becomes the _____ is it extends laterally, forming a tubular sheath that surrounds the _______ and ______

Answer 67

axillary sheath brachial plexus axillary artery