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MSK exam 2 > The vertebral column > Flashcards

The vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebrae in vertebral column

A

33

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2
Q

how many vertebrae in each region

A 
cervical 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5
coccygeal 4
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3
Q

characteristics of cervical vertebrae

A

have transverse foramen for the vertebral artery

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4
Q

motion occurs between how many vertebrae and which

A

24 vertebrae

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

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5
Q

sacrum is

A

fused

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6
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone is fused

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7
Q

primary curvatures of the spine

A

thoracic and sacral

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8
Q

what is a primary curvature

A

curvatures that developed during the fetal period

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9
Q

what is a secondary curvature

A

develop post-natal in the opposite direction as the vertebral column

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10
Q

how does the cervical curve arise

A

when infants begin to hold their head up

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11
Q

how does the lumbar curve arise?

A

when infant starts to stand/walk/pull self up

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12
Q

kyphosis

A

hunchback

accentuated of thoracic spine

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13
Q

age related osteoporosis

A

kyphosis

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14
Q

lordosis

A

accentuated lumbar curvature often due to weight gain (ex pregnancy)

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15
Q

sway back or hollow back

A

lordosis

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16
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of vertebral column

can result from limb length inequalities and or malformation of the vertebrae

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17
Q

3 general features of a vertebrae

A

vertebral body
vertebral (neural) arch (pedicles and lamina)
processes for muscular attachment (7)

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18
Q

vertebral processes for muscular attachment

A

spinous process 1
transverse process 2
articular processes (superior and inferior) 4

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19
Q

articular processes

A

form the facet joints

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20
Q

synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

A

facet joints

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21
Q

individual facets

A

small range of motion

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22
Q

collective facets

A

larger degree of motion

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23
Q

intervertebral discs

A

cartilaginous joints designed for weight bearing and strength

provide a strong stable attachment between adjacent vertebrae

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24
Q

intervertebral disc has 2 parts

A

annulus fibrosus

nucleus pulposus

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25
annulus fibrosus
composed of concentric layers of fibrocartilage that adheres to the vertebral bodies
26
nucleus pulposus
a gelatinous central mass (high water content) that acts like a miniature shock absorber
27
intervertebral foramina
allow passage and protection for the spinal nerve as it exits the vertebral process
28
articular process facets of cervical
oriented at 45 degrees off the transverse plane
29
thoracic vertebrae facets
- have costal facets that articulate with the ribs | - articular processes are oriented in the frontal plane (dorsal and ventral)
30
lumbar facets
articular processes are oriented in sagittal plane (right and left)
31
what determines the motion of the vertebral column?
the shape and orientation of the facet joints
32
where does the majority of motion occur along the vertebral column?
cervical and lumbar regions
33
what areas are prone to significant stress concentration?
cervicothoracic junction and thoracolumbar junction
34
the ___________ spine is at greatest risk of injury purely from a mechanical standpoint
cervical | followed by lumbar
35
first cervical vertebrae
atlas
36
a ring shaped bone which consists of two lateral bony masses connected by an anterior and posterior arch
atlas
37
anterior arch has a facet for the ______
dens of C2
38
2nd cervical vertebra
axis
39
distinguishing feature of C2
dens = toothlike process that projects superiorly from the body
40
craniovertebral joints
- Atlanto-occipital | - Atlanto-axial
41
yes movements
primarily flexion and extension in the sagittal plane
42
Jefferson fracture
fracture of atlas (C1) -burst fracture of C1 (compression of cervical region)
43
synovial joint between the superior articular facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles at the base of the skull
atlanto occipital joint
44
Atlanto-axial joints
one median atlantoaxial joint between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1 two lateral antlantoaxial synovial joints between opposing articular facets
45
"no" movements
movement of Atlanto-axial joint in the transverse plane
46
hangman fracture
fracture of axis (c2) may involve the dens which if displaced can injure the spinal cord
47
functions of the vertebral column
- supports the head and trunk - transfers weight the body to the lower limbs - provides postural support - encloses and protects the spinal cord and nerves
48
the spinal cord has ___ pairs of spinal nerves
31
49
some branches of spinal nerves come together and form _____ that innervate structures in the limbs
plexuses
50
ventral root
contains axons of somatic motor (efferent) nerves that convey impulses away from the spinal cord
51
dorsal root
contains axons of somatic sensory (afferent) nerves that convey impulses toward the spinal cord
52
both roots unite to form a ______ which conveys both ___ and _____ axons
spinal nerve sensory and motor
53
spinal nerves divide into ____ branches or ____ which also convey both sensory and motor axons
two rami
54
convey nerve axons to and from the deep muscles of the back and the overlying skin of the back
dorsal ramus
55
conveys nerve axon to and from the body wall and/or upper and lower limbs
ventral ramus
56
ligaments of the vertebral column
- anterior longitudinal ligament - posterior longitudinal ligament - supraspinous ligament - interspinous ligament - ligamentum flava
57
unites anterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae and prevents hyperextension
anterior longitudinal ligament
58
unites the posterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae located inside the vertebral canal
posterior longitudinal ligament
59
supraspinous ligament
connects the spinous processes from the sacrum to c7
60
ligamentum nuchae
brand strong ligament of the neck that provides attachment for cervical muscles
61
interspinous ligament
in-between each adjacent spinous process
62
ligamentum flavum
a yellow ligament with elastic fibers that join adjacent lamina or vertebrae - help prevent hyper flexion of the vertebral column
63
things that can impinge upon the exiting spinal nerve
arthritis or disc degeneration
64
ligament affected in whiplash
anterior longitudinal ligament

MSK exam 2 (12 decks)

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