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Anatomy Module III > Forearm, Wrist and Hand (+ UE Blood Supply) > Flashcards

Forearm, Wrist and Hand (+ UE Blood Supply) Flashcards

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1
Q

arterial supply to the upper extremity

A

brachial artery and brachial profunda

at level of the elbow = radial artery and ulnar artery

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2
Q

where does it turn from axillary artery to brachial artery

A

at the inferior border of the teres major –> axillary–> brachial artery

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3
Q

brachial profunda artery

A

deep artery of the arm is a major branch from the brachial artery

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4
Q

what does the brachial artery divide into

A

radial (lateral side) and ulnar (medial side) artery

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5
Q

major branches of the ulnar artery

A

anterior interosseous artery

posterior interosseous artery

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6
Q

ulnar supply into the hand

A

superficial palmar arch

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7
Q

radial artery into the hand

A

deep palmar arch

makes sense that it is deep because the radial artery is supplying the posterior aspect of the arm

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8
Q

cephalic vein drainage

A

superficial to the metacarpals - lateral side

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9
Q

dorsal venous network in hand

A

drains the superficial and deep venous palmar arches

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10
Q

median cubital vein

A

communication between the basilic and cephalic veins in the cubital fossa

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11
Q

cephalic vein ends?

A

termination of the axillary vein

more proximal - when it becomes subclavian basically

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12
Q

basiclic vein ends when?

A

origin of the axillary vein - inferior border of the teres major - when the axillary starts going towards the heart

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13
Q

T/F the ulna is articulating with the carpel bones

A

FALSE - just the radius is because it widens out in the distal hand

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14
Q

mnemonic for carpel bones and the orientation

A 
STARTS AT THE THUMB 
Proximal row = lateral to medial 
Second Row (Distal) = medial to lateral 
"So long to pinky" 
"Here comes the thumb"
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15
Q

How do you know you’re looking at the dorsal hand?

A

cannot see the pisiform bone

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16
Q

name proximal bone in carpels

A 
so long to pinky 
Scaphoid 
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
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17
Q

name distal carpel bones

A 
Here comes the thumb
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
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18
Q

radiocarpel articulation
type
function

A

between the distal radius and the proximal row of the carpels
condyloid
wrist flexion and extension
wrist abduction and adduction

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19
Q

midcarpal
articulation
type
function

A

between the proximal and distal row of carpel bones
PLANE SYNOVIAL JOINT
gliding motions between the carpels

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20
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

pivot synovial joint
pronation and supination
- ulnar not moving

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21
Q

ulnar deviation aka

A

ADduction

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22
Q

radial deviation

A

ABduction

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23
Q

distal radius fractures

aka

A

Colle’s Fracture - FRACTURE OF THE DISTAL RADIUS
‘FOOSH’
70% of these fractures occur in post-menopausal woman
usually a fall from an outstretched arm
DORSAL DISPLACEMENT OF DISTAL FRAGMENT

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24
Q

stabalizing ligaments in the hand

A

extensor retinaculum

flexor retinaculum

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25
extensor retinaculum
posterior stabalizing ligament in the carpels
26
flexor retinaculum
anterior stablizing ligament in the carpel THIS IS ARCHED IN THE CARPEL REGION also called the transverse carpal ligament
27
function of the retinaculum in hands
stabalize the tendons going into the hand | can feel the muscles in forearms move when you wingle your fingers - muscle bellies in arm then tendons into hand
28
carpel tunnel
formed by the flexor retinaculum or the transverse carpel ligament versus the extensor retinaculum is right up against the bones of the carpels
29
extensors Attachment Action Innervation
muscles acting on the wrists Attachment - lateral epicondyle of humerus to base of metacarpels Action - wrist extension Innervation - radial nerve
30
lateral epicondylitis
repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist may strain the attachment at the lateral epicondyle of the - producing inflammation at the periosteum - irritating at the elbow joint (tennis elbow?)
31
flexors Attachment Action Innervation
Attachment - medial epicondyle of the humerus to the base of the metacarpals Action - wrist flexion Innervation - median + ulnar nerve
32
Palmaris Longus Attachment Action Innervation
Attachment - medial epicondyle of the humerus to the fascia in the palm of the hand Action - tense the fascia in the palm of the hand and known to weakly flex the wrist (as it has a similar attachement with the wrist flexors) Innervation- median nerve may be absent in 10-15% of the population because known to bring out the claws in animals
33
non-manipulative prehension patterns
cylindrical grip hook grip spherical grip EXTRINSIC MUSCLES INVOLVED IN THE MOVEMENT (from muscles in the forearm)
34
cylindrical grip
holding onto something like a cylinder - beer can? | a non-manipulative prehension pattern
35
hook grip
a non- manipulative prehension pattern | dont need to useyour thumb - using the other digits
36
spherical grip
a non-manipulative prehension pattern where your thumb comes across more holding a ball
37
manipulative prehension patterns
using INTRINISC HAND MUSCLES - FINE MOTOR MOVEMENTS palmar pinch ** lateral pinch tip-to-tip pinch
38
palmar pinch
a manipulative prehension pattern distal phaylnx of 2 and 3 with the thumb - pad to pad between first (thumb) digit and second digit
39
lateral pinch
manipulative prehension pattern where the thumb (1st digit is being used) with the SIDE OF THE PROXIMAL PHALYNX example = holding a key
40
Tip-to-tip
manipulative prehension pattern not as powerful but more fine tuned tip of 1st - thumb with tip of second distal of the phaylnx
41
articulations of digits and thumb
name with thumb in own group then usually digits 3-5 in another
42
carpometacarpal joints | location and action
distal of carpels with metacarpals adduction and abduction at the thumb flexion and extension with thumb opposition with thumb
43
first IP joint?
what we call the thumb because no 3rd phalange so we have ONE interphalange joint
44
Metacarpophalangeal Joints | location and action
Between distal of metacarpels and the first phalange Flexion and Extension AND ABduction and ADduction aka MCP or MP joint
45
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints | action and location
between the distal proximal phalange and the second phalange aka PIP Action - flexion and extension
46
Distal Interphalangeal Joints | location and action
located at the distal part of the second phalange with the third distal phalange Action - extension and flexion
47
opposition movement
bringing the thumb towards your pinky - using the CMC joint
48
extrinisic digit flexors name and action innervation
flexor digatorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus Action - Flex PIP Flex DIIP = the digatorum profundus innervation: median and ulnar nerves
49
carpel tunnel syndrome
because the flexor retinaculum forms a tunnel on the anterior side - we have a lot of tendons/muscles/ and MEDIAN NERVE going through - if we have inflammed or irritated muscles or tendons this can COMPRESS THE MEDIAN NERVE and can then suffer from carpel tunnel syndrome * because the carpal tunnel contains the extrinsic tendons of the digit flexors as well as the main branch of the MEDIAN NERVE * likely will see ATROPHY of the thenar muscles - in the thumb - because supplied by the median
50
Digit Extensors Name w/ action innervation
Extensor Digitorum Communis - all 2-5 digits Extensor indicis proprius - extensor for digit number 2 extensor digiti minimi - specific for the 5th digit innervation - all by the radial nerve
51
flexor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus and brevis abductor pollicis longus
all are EXTRINSIC TO THE THUMB - flexion - extension - abduction FORMING THE ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX
52
pollicis refers to?
the thumb
53
Anatomical snuff box
formed by the extrinsic muscles of the thumb - extensor pollicis longus (on dorsal side) extensor pollicis brevis on palmar side and abductor pollicis longus GOING OVER THE DISTAL END OF THE RADIUS AND THE STYLOID PROCESS base is formed by the scaphoid bone of the carpel at the base
54
thenar group of muscles
INTRINSIC TO THE HAND - on the thumb side and innervated by the median nerve
55
hypothenar group of muscles
INTRINSIC TO THE HAND - on the pinky side of the hand and innervated by the ulnar nerve
56
lumbricals Attachment Action * Innervation
Attachment - flexor tendons in palm to dorsum of proximal phalanges Action - flex at MP and extend at PIP and DIP joints Innervation - median and ulnar nerve these are INTRINSIC CENTRAL HAND MUSCLES
57
course of fibers of the lumbricals
cross on the ANTERIOR side of the MP joint
58
DORSAL AND PALMAR INTEROSSEI attachment action innervation
THESE ARE CENTRAL INTRINISC HAND MUSCLES Attachment - metacarpals to proximal phalanges ALL ULNAR INNERVATION 'PAD AND DAB' mnemonic Dorsal = ABduction - 4 muscles Palmar = ADduction - 3 muscles
59
which nerves give Cutaneous Innervation to the Hand
Radial, Median and Ulnar nerves
60
radial innervation to hand
the rest of the back part of the hand makes sense - as the radial nerve is doing a lot of the posterior aspect
61
ulnar innervation to hand
cutaneous innervation to the front and back of all of digit 5 and the half of the front and back of digit 4 hit funny bone? why we have tingling in out pinky a lot
62
median innervation in hand
the rest of the anterior part of the hand - palm
63
CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
- stretching and pressure on ulnar nerve - ulnar nerve traveling under medial condyle - inner side of elbow - numbness or tingling in the RING AND SMALL FINGERS, pain in the forearm, and or weakness in the hand
64
causes of cubital tunnel syndrome
- pressure - nerve doesn’t have pad on it - causing numbness potentially - keeping elbow bent for a long period of time - ulnar nerve may not stay in place - move back and forth pressure, stretching (bending too long), and anatomy
65
sustained grips and long awakawrd postures
contributing to the incidence of hand, wrist, and arm pain
66
T/F 40-70% of dental professionals experience chronic hand and wrist pain
True
67
dental professionals and hygienists experience four times the prevalence found in the general working public?
true - between 23-40% professionls and 75 % of hygienists most common between 30-60 years of age more common in female than male exercise can decrease risk
68
prevention posture
between 60 degrees and 90 degrees stay away from too much flexion and extension neutral forearm position - keep forearms parallel to floor
69
difference between carpel tunnel and cubital tunnel syndrome
carpel = position of wrist and compression of the median nerve cubital syndrome = position of the elbow - mainly in prolonged flexion and compression or irritation of the ulnar nerve
70
borders of the anatomical snuff box
``` proximal = styloid process of radius base = scaphoid bone of carpel ``` ``` lateral = extensor pollicus brevis medial = extensor pollicis longus ```
71
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis
chronic irritation of tendons connecting extrinsic muscles of the thumb swelling of synovial, tendons, and sheath pain and swelling at base of thumb mostly in the extensor pollicis brevis and abdutor pollicus longus
72
'wrist drop'
radial innervation is lost in the wrist because of loss of the innervatoin in a higher area of the arm loss of a wrist extensor muscle

Anatomy Module III (7 decks)

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