Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Module III > Pectoral Region & Shoulder > Flashcards

Pectoral Region & Shoulder Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Osteology in the pectoral region and shoulder

A

sternum
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clavicle

A

Sternal End and Acromial End

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acromial end of clavicle

A

as travel lateral - this aspect is more flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

posterior scapula

A

where there are a lot of bony landmarks

spine - can palpate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acromium process of scapula

A

more lateral aspect and will come from the spine as it flattens out and will ARTICULATE with the acromium process of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acromium process of scapula

A

more lateral aspect and will come from the spine as it flattens out and will ARTICULATE with the acromium process of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inferior angle of scapula

A

where the medial and lateral borders of the scapula come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

suprascapular notch

A

allow passage of the artery and nerves to pass to the posterior aspect of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

articulatiung with the head of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Humeral Head

A

smooth articular surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anatomical neck

A

fused growth plate - proximal and immediately below head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intertubercular groove

A

bicipital groove

between greater and lesser tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

surgical neck

A

common site of fracture
as you transfer from bulky/bulbous to more narrow shaft to more thin bone
aka site of surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

site of distal attachement of the deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four joints of the shoulder complex

A

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Sternoclavicular Joint
Type
Articular components
Associated structures
movements
A 
Articular components: Sternal end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum 
MODIFIED TYPE SADDLE JOINT
FIBROCARTILAGE DISC
Movements:
Elevation/Depression
Protraction/Retraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Sternoclavicular Joint
Type
Articular components
Associated structures
movements
A 
Articular components: Sternal end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum 
MODIFIED TYPE SADDLE JOINT/synovial
FIBROCARTILAGE DISC
Movements:
Elevation/Depression
Protraction/Retraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fibrocartilage disc in the sternoclavicular joint

A

This is the ONLY site of bony attachment between the appendicular upper skeleton and the axial skeletion so there is a lot of force coming through to this joint so this fibrocartilage disc helps with that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Acromioclavicular Joint 
Type
Articular components
Associated structures
movements
A

Articular components : Acormial end of the clavicle and acromium process of the scapula
Type : plan type synovial joint
Associated structure : fibrocartilage disc (but not as substantial as the sternoclavicular fibrous disc)
Movements: GLIDING between the clavicle and scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Glenohumeral Joint 
Type
Articular components
Associated structures
movements
A

Articular : Humeral head and glenoid fossa
Type: Ball and socket synovial joint
Movement : THREE PLANES
- flexion and extension
-abduction/adduction
-internal/external rotation
Features: then glenoid fossa is about 1/3 the size of the humeral head
BOTH NON-CONTRACTILE AND CONTRACTILE STRUCTURES ENHANCE THE G-H STABILITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does the shoulder joint compensate for being unstable with the difference in size of the glenoid fossa and the bigger size of the humeral head?

A

Having contractile and non contractile structures to enhance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What plane are the movements of flexion/extension
abduction/adduction and
internal and external rotation in respectively

A

Sagital
frontal/coronal
Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Non-contractile of the glenhumeral joint

A

Coracoacromial ligament
Glenohumeral Ligaments
Glenoid labrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contractile supporting of the glenhumeral joint

A

Muscles of rotator cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Coracoacromial Ligament
NON-CONTRACTILE prevents an upward glide between the coracoid and acromium process and preventing upwards shift when doing over head activities
26
coracoacromial arch what forms it and what features are associated with it tendon? preventing what?
NON-CONTRACTILE formed by the smooth inferior aspect of the actomion and the coracoid process of the scapula, with the coracoacromial ligament spanning between them Preventing SUPERIOR displacement from the glenoid cavity THE TENDON OF THE SUPRASPINATUS MUSCLE PASSES UNDERNEATH THIS ARCH AND IS AT RISK FOR GETTING SQUEEZED -rotator cuff injury
27
Glenohumeral ligaments
``` NON-CONTRACTILE Superior Middle inferior Three reinforcement on the anterior portion which aid in holding the humerus head into the glenoid fossa - helps in the size difference between the two ```
28
Glenoid labrum
NON-CONTRACTILE fibrocartilagenous ring attaching to the margins of the glenoid fossa -deepens the glenoid cavity
29
Scapulothoracic (ST) Joint
physiological joint in which movement occurs between muscoskeletal structures (b/w the scapula and associated muscles and the thoracic wall), rather than an ANATOMICAL JOINT no direct articulation
30
Coracobrachialis Attachments Action Innervation
``` Intrinsic muscle of the shoulder Attaches to tip of coracoid process and medial, middle 1/3 of humerus action : flex and adduct the shoulder Innervation by musculocutaneous nerve ```
31
POSTERIOR Superficial extrinisc muscles of the shoulder
Trapezius | Latissimus Dorsi
32
POSTERIOR -Deep layer extrinsic muscles of the shoulder
Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor
33
POSTERIOR -Deep layer extrinsic muscles of the shoulder
Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor
34
Trapezius Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, spinous processes c7-t12 to scapula spine, acromion, and lateral 1/3 clavicle Action : Upper - elevates and upwardly rotates scapula middle: adducts/retracts scapula Lower : depresses and upwardly rotates scapula
35
Arthrokinematics
refers to movement of joint surfaces
36
Scapulothoracic movements
Elevation / Depression Adduction/Retraction and Abduction/Protraction Upward and Downward rotation
37
rotation occurs with respect to what
the inferior angle of the scapula which is the joining of the medial border and the lateral/axillary border of the scapula
38
what joints are moving when we shrug shoulders up and down
elevation/depression | we use the scapulothoracic joint, Sternoclavicular Joint (SC) and the acromiclavicular joint (AC)
39
shoulder abduction /abduction limitations and planes
coronal plane (0-180 degrees) Horizontal plane Adduct - 0-45 degrees Abduct 0-90 degrees
40
details relating to FULL shoulder abduction
since the subacromial space is so small with the coracoacromial arch with the tough band of fibrous tissue - during full abduction of the arm - we have to laterally rotate our humerus to move the greater tuberosity out of the way - put the lesser in this position. in neutral position - the grester tubercle is IMMEDEATILY UNDER THIS ARCH. - easier to move with lesser in this area occurs when putting arm over head
41
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
Motion available to the glenohumeral joint alone would not account for the full range of motion Remaineder of motion is CONTRIBUTED BY THE SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT (VIA THE SC AND AC JOINTS - each joint making its contribution in a specific and consistent pattern known as the scapulohumeral rhythm if scapula didnt move - humerus would fall right out of the small articulating surface - basically the scapula chasing around the humerus
42
Range of motion by the GH joint alone
0-30 degrees
43
Full range of motion of GH with ST contribution - details on contribution
30-180 degrees | past 30 degrees the ST joint has to conribute at least 1 degree of movement for every 2 degress of the GH movement
44
180 degree arm abduction - what are contributions of the GH and scapula?
GH = 120 ST joints = 60 moves in a 2/1 ration
45
how does the lower muscle group in the trapezius muscle upwardly rotate the scapula?
even though fibers come from below - they attach superior to the point of rotation - the inferior angle
46
point of rotation on the scapula
inferior angle
47
Latissimus Dorsi Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments : Spinous process t7-t12, iliac crest, ribs 9-12 to intertubercular groove of humerus MEDIAL ASPECT Action - shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation Fibers come medially from the back - why we see internal rotation Innervation : thoracodorsal nerve
48
Levator Scapulae muscle Attachments Action Innervation
Reflect the trapezius Attachments : transverse process of C1-C4 to superior medial border of scapula Action - elevates and downwardly rotates scapula Innervation - dorsal scapular nerve C5 (think dorsal/deep) as this is a deep muscle
49
Rhomboid minor Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments : spinous processes of C7 and T1 to medial scapular border at the level of root scapular spine Action: Adduct/retract and downwardly rotate scapula Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
50
Rhomboid Major Attachments
Attachments: Spinous processes T2-T5 to medial scapular border from level of spine to inferior angle Action and Innervaiton is same as the rhomboid minor
51
Pectoralis Major Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - Sterno costal head- anterior sternum, upper six costal cartilages Clavicular Head - Medial half of clavicle Action- adducts and medially rotates humerus Innervation - Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves
52
Pectoralis Minor Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - Coracoid process of scapula Ribs 3-5 Action - stabalizes scapula Innervation - Medial Pectoral Nerve
53
Serratus Anterior Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 and ANTERIOR surface of medial border of scapula Action- Protracts and upwardly rotates the scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall Innervation - long thoracic nerve (which comes off roots of C5,6,7)
54
Subclavius Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - junction of first rib and costal cartilage to inferior surface of medial third of clavicle Action - anchors and depresses clavicle Innervation - nerve to subclavius
55
Intrinisic muscles of the shoulder
- Coracobrachialis - Deltoid - Teres Major - Teres major - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Subscapularis * These will all have attachments in the shoulder complex bone
56
Corachobrachialis Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - Tip of coracoid process to the medial/middle 1/3 of the humerus Action - flexion and weak adduction Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve *FLEXION
57
Deltoid Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - Scapula spine, acromium, lateral 1/3 of clavicle to deltooid tuberosity of the humerus Action - Anterior: shoulder flexion Middle : Shoulder ABduction Posterior : shoulder extension Innervation - AXILLARY NERVE
58
Teres Major Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments : Inferior lateral aspect of posterior surface of scapula to intertubercle groove of humerus Action - MEDIAL/ internal rotation (IR) Innervation - Lower subscapular nerve
59
Rotator cuff muscles
``` last 4 acting in a group - SItS Supraspinatus Infraspinatjus teres MINOR Subscapularis ```
60
Supraspinatus Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - supraspinous fossa and greater tubercle Action - shoulder abduction Innervation - suprascapular nerve
61
Infraspinatus Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - infraspinous fossa and great tubercle Action - shoulder lateral/external rotation Innervation - suprascapular nerve
62
Teres minor Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - middle part of lateral border of scapula to greater tubercle Action - shoulder lateral/external rotation Innervation - axillary nerve
63
Subscapularis Attachments Action Innervation
Attachments - subscapular fossa to lesser tubercle Action - shoulder medial/internal rotation (IR) Innervation - upper subscapular nerve and lower subscapular nerve
64
quandrangular space
superior border - teres minor inferior border = teres major medial border = long head of the triceps brachii lateral border = surgical neck of the humuerus
65
How does the GH joint maintain dynamic stability?
Muscles of the Rotator Cuff - the tendons of the 4 muscles blend with the fibrous capsule forming a cuff which reinforces the joint capsule and provides stability all four of these muscles provide compressive forces across the GH joint, which provides dynamic stability and maintain the humerus centered within the glenoid fossa
66
during shoulder elevation which rotator cuff muscles help to stabalize
infraspinatous teres minor subscapularis - all of these have a downaward direction pull thus depress the head of the humerus - this prevents impingement of the rotator cuff under the coracoacromial arch
67
rotator cuff injury
repetative use of rotator cuff muscles - when using limb above the horizontal - swimming/baseball - may move the humeral head and rotator cuff to impinge under the coracoacromial arch inflammation of the supraspinatous tendon

Anatomy Module III (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions