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Anatomy Module III > Neck Region > Flashcards

Neck Region Flashcards

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1
Q

greatest mobility in the vertebral column?

A

in the neck region

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2
Q

boundaries of the neck

A

mandible
superior nachal line - posterior
top of sternum along clavicle
spinous process of C7 - posterior

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3
Q

functions of neck region

A

important organs involved in speech and endocrine

supports head and allows for positioning for environmental stimuli without turning the whole body

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4
Q

superior thoracic aperture aka thoracic inlet

A

opens directly into the base of the neck - allowing passageway of important structures from the thorax region into the neck region

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5
Q

axillary inlet

A

on each side of the superior thoracic aperture that opens to the upper limb

brachial plexus going into arm and lymph moving out

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6
Q

what supports the hyoid bone?

A

muscualr attachments and ligaments - there are no bony articulations

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7
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

contributes to cartilage of the larynx too

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8
Q

cervical vertebrae and the associated nerve

A

There are 7 vertebra but 8 nerves because at C1 - the atlas we have C1 coming out ABOVE AND BELOW
then C2 has nerve coming out below that - 8 total nerves

cervical plexus

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9
Q

atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1 - atals
C2 - a
C7 - very long spinous process

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10
Q

C3-C6

A 
typical vertebrae 
canal
body - smaller
transverse foramen - where vertebrae artery and vein will run except C7 - only vein 
spinous process = BIFID
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11
Q

C7 IS CALLED?

what is unique about it

A

VERTEBEA PROMINENS
only has vertebral vein running in the SMALLER vertebral forament
LONG SPINOUS PROCESS THAT IS NOT BIFID

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12
Q

C1 is called? fucntion?

whats different

A

atlas
lacks body
lacks spinous process
forms the atlanto-occipital joint

allows for flexion and extension (some lateral flexion)
anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranses provides broad support and limit excessive movement

membrane on joint - prevents over movement

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13
Q

C2 is called? fucntion?

whats different

A

AXIS
has a body, bifid process and the DENS
DENS / ODONTOID process articulating with c1 and forms a pivot joint - rotation- often called the no joint

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14
Q

C1 articulates with?

A

the occipital bone of the skull
often called the ‘yes’ joint when forming the atlanto-occipital joint because it allows for flexion and extension

extension = away from the chest

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15
Q

atlanto-occipital joint and membrane

A

provides broad support and limits over/excessive movement in the atlanto-occipital joint

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16
Q

Dens function and aka

A

Odontoid process

Atlantoaxial joint with C1
articulating with the anterior aspect of the atlas and also has a strong ligament that prevetns hypermoevment and holds the dens into place
often called the no joint and is a PIVOT JOINT and allows for rotation

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17
Q

if something happens to the odontoid process?

A

very bad because the spinal cord is directly posterior and an injusry here results in extreme disability and high chance of death
phrenic nerve severed - cannot breath on own
paralysis?

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18
Q

alar ligaments

A

side of dens to foramen magnum

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19
Q

transverse ligament

A

extends between tubercles on the medial aspect of the C1 vertebra

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20
Q

cruciate ligament

A

formed by the transverse ligament and its superior/inferior extensions

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21
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A

C2 forms this with C1
three articulations with the atlas
right and left lateral atlanto-axial, and median atlanto-axial joint

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22
Q

location of the phrenic nerve

A

descends on the anterior scalene

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23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments
Innervation
Action

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24
Q

Sternocleidomastoid
Attachments
Innervation
Action

A

Attachments - (1) Lateral superior nachal line and mastoid process to 2. Anterior surface of manubrium 3. Medial third of clavicle

Innervation - Motor - accessory nerve CN XI
Sensory - C2 and C3

Action - unilateral action - lateral flexion to same side and rotation to OPPOSITE side
Bilateral Action - cervical-flexion

These fibers are dorsal to ventral

Forms boundary of the posterior triangle being the ANTERIOR portion

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25
Trapezius Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - Skull, scapula, and clavicle Innervation - Motor - CN XI = ACCESSORY Sensory - C2 and C3 Action Forms border of the posterior triangle - posterior part
26
anterior scalene Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - transverse processes of C4-C6 to first rib Innervation- cervical spinal nerves c4-c6 Action - f;ex the neck and elevate first rib because it is more anterior - contributing more to flexion - when working with the middle scalene - they can do lateral flexion together
27
middle scalene Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments -,transverse processes of C4-C6 Innervation- ventral rami of cervical nerves Action - flex the neck and elevate the first rib
28
posterior scalene Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - transverse processes of C4-C6 to second rib Innervation - ventral rami of C6 and C7 Action - lateral flexion and elevate 2nd rib
29
Thoracic outlet syndome
numbness and wealness in upper extrememty - pressure onto the brachial plexus of nerves and can cause the anterior scalened to atrophy
30
What is in the ansa cervicalis and what does it innervate?
it is the innervation to the infrahyoid muscles and is made up from c1 c2 and c3 - wraps around the internal jugular vein exception - the thyrohyoid is not innervated by this but directly from c1 via the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
31
Strap muscles =
infrahyoid muscles
32
omohyoid Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - superior scapula to hyoid bone TWO BELLIES SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR - and connected by a tendon Innervation - ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) Action
33
sternohyoid Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - Manubrium and medial clavicle to hyoid Innervation - ansa cervicalis Action
34
sternothyroid Attachments Innervation Action
Attach - manubrium to thyroid Innervation - ansa cervicalis action - depress the hyoid during swallowing and speaking
35
thyrohyoid Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - thyroid cartilage to hyoid Innervation - c1 via they hypoglossal nerve Action - depress the hyoid while speaking and swallowing CAN ELEVATE THE LARYNX
36
function of the strap/infrahydoid muscles
DEPRESS the hyoid during speaking and swallowing the thyrohyoid can also elevate the larynx - see different innervation in this muscle - so makes sense there is an additoinal function
37
suprahyoid muscles
above the hyoid - but still attaching to hyoid | MYLOHYOID
38
mylohyoid
from mylohyoid line of the MADIBLE to the hyoid bone FORMS FLOOR OF ORAL CAVITY innervation - CN5
39
Geniohyoid Attachments Innervation Action
deep to the mylohyoid muscle Attachments - mental spine of the mandible - to hyoid Innervation -C1 - via the hypoglossal nerve Action
40
Digastric muscle Attachments Innervation Action
This has an anterior and posterior belly - the innervation differs between them ANTERIOR - note relationship to the mylohyoid muscle Attachments - digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon Innervation - nerve to mylohyoid CN 5-v3 POSTERIOR - note relationship to the mastoid process Attachments - mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon Innervation - CN VII - facial nerve these will meet at the tendon Action
41
stylohyoid Attachments Innervation Action
Attachments - styloid process of the temporal bone to hyoid Innervation - facial nerve - cranial nerve VII Action
42
action of the suprahyoid muscles
they make up a significant portion to the floor of the oral cavity and elevate the hyoid and larynx
43
cervical plexus
formed by the anterior rami of C1-C4 lies DEEP to sternocleodomastoid muscle (SCM) cutaneous region = superficial branches and deep branches doing the motor innervation
44
superficial branches of cervical plexus
cutaneous region /innervation
45
deep branches of cervical plexus
motor innervation (ansa cervicalis) C1-c3
46
Cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus
lesser occipital nerve great auricular transverse cervical nerve supraclavicular
47
lesser occipital nerve
innervating the skin of the scalp BEHIND the ear from C2
48
Great auricular nerve
slightly anterior to the lesser occipital skin of the parotid gland and over the ear branches from c2-c3
49
transverse cervical nerve
skin over the anterior neck | C2-C3 region
50
supraclavicular nerve
from c3 and c4 | supplies skin across the clavicles and shoulder to the second rib
51
Hypoglossal nerve
CN XII - motor innervation of the tongue - exiting skull through the hypoglossal canal then passing between the external carotid artery and jugular vessels - contributing to the thyrohyoid muscle and the geniohyoid muscle
52
Spinal Accessory Nerve (aka) | describe location
CNXI - accessory nerve innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius CN XI descends along the internal carotid artery
53
roots of the spinal accessory nerve
CN XI spinal root - cell bodies in the anterior horn of the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord - rootles sscend into the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum cranial root - part of cranial nerve X - vagus nerve these unite at the jugular foramen then seperate
54
where is the junction of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct
both ducts enter into the subclavian vein at the junction of the internal jugular vein
55
lymphatic vascular system - describe function + contents
Blind-ended vessels converge to larger vessel that converge with large veins in the root of the neck FUNCTION: collect fluid lost from capillary beds (during exchange) IF fluid draining into capillaries can include cells of the lymphatic system, cell products, cell debris, and PATHOGENS
56
larger lymph vessels form
lymphatic trunks
57
lymphatic trunks give rise to
right lymphatic trunk and thoracic duct - coming together at the junction of the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein
58
right lymphatic duct
draining right upper quadrant and right arm
59
thoracic duct
does remainder of body (besides right upper quadrant)
60
what joins with the thoracic duct?
The left subclavian lymph trunk - from upper limn and the left jugular trunk - lymph from left side of head and neck
61
emptying into junction between right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein
right jugular trunk and right subclavian trunk - same for left side - except joining with the thoracic duct from below as well
62
overall pattern of drainage of lymphatic vessels in head/ neck region
Lyphatic vessels --> superficial around the head --> superifical cervical (more neck) --> DEEP cervical nodes--> Right and left jugular trunks
63
deep cervical nodes
the ones that lead into the right and left jugular nodes - draining the head and neck region
64
superficial lymph nodes around the head
``` occipital nodes mastoid nodes pre-auricular and parotid nodes submandibular nodes submental nodes ```
65
occipital nodes
drains posterior scalp and neck
66
mastoid nodes
drains posterolateral half of scalp
67
pre-auricular and parotid nodes
drain anteriolateral scalp, upper half of face
68
submandibular nodes
follows facial vein drainage- anterior face, gingiva, teeth, and tongue
69
submental nodes
lower lip, chin floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth
70
superficial cervical lymph nodes
found along the external jugular vein - along the SCM and send lymphatic vessels toward the deep cervical nodes
71
deep cervical nodes
divided into superior and inferior groups that form a chain on the IJV (not IJV for deep and External JV for superficial cervical lymph)
72
Jugulodigastric node
superior deep cervical lymph node - at level of posterior digastric
73
Jugulo-omohyoid node
inferior deep cervical lymph node | inferior to tendon of omohyoid
74
where do the lymphatic vessels from the pharynx drain? where do all of them drain?
retropharngeal nodes, paratracheal nodes, and infrahyoid nodes all of the above drain into the deep cervical nodes
75
where does the palatine tonsil drain?
directly into the deep jugulodigastric nodes
76
lymphatic vessels from the teeth and gingivae drain where?
draining mainly into the submandibular, submental, and deep cervical nodes
77
lymph drainage from the tongue...
takes four paths
78
lymph from root of tongue
drains to superior deep cervical nodes - the jugulodigastric
79
lymph from the medial body of tongue
drains to the inferior deep cervical nodes - juguloomohyoid node
80
right and left lateral parts of the tongues lymph drains
into submandibular nodes
81
lymph drainage from the tip of the tongue and frenulum drain..
into submental nodes
82
anterior triangle divided into..
four smaller triangels 1. muscular triangle 2. carotid triangle 3. submandibular triangle 4. submental triangle
83
boundaries of anterior triangle
middle of neck - medially anterior border of SCM - laterally inferior border of the mandible - superiorly down to the clavicle
84
boundaries of posterior triangle
Posterior margin of SCM Anterior margin of trapezius middle 1/3 of clavicle
85
contents in the posterior triangle
``` Accessory nerve - undersurface of SCM coming right acorss cervical plexus brachial trunks external jugular bein subclavian artery/vein suprascapular artery cervical lymph nodes ```
86
muscular triangle
anterior border of SCM suoerior belly of omohyoid midline of neck contains the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland
87
carotid triangle
anterior border of SCM superior belly of the omohyoid posterior digastric contains the carotid sheath, hypoglossal nerve, accessory nerve, ansa cervicalis, deep cervical lymph nodes
88
submandibular triangle
anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric inferior border of the mandible contains the submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, submandibular lymph nodes, nerve to the mylohyoid, and facial artery and vein
89
submental triangle
right and left anterior body of the digastric and hyoid bone contains the submental lymph nodes and veins

Anatomy Module III (7 decks)

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