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Anatomy Module III > Intro to Skull > Flashcards

Intro to Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

Two divisions of the skull/cranium

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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2
Q

neurocranium
aka
two parts

A

cranial vault - is the bony covering of the brain and the cranial meninges
also contains proximal parts of the cranial nerves and the vasculature of the brain
Calvaria and cranial base

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3
Q

calvaria

A

portion of the neuorcranium - upper part of the cranial cavity containing the brain

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4
Q

neurocranium composed of?

A

series of eight bones
4 singular and two sets as pairs
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital and PAIRED TEMPORAL AND PARIETAL

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5
Q

Bones forming the neurocranium are developed how?

A

intramembranous ossification from the neural crest

endochondral ossification od cartilage = chondrocranium
*or from more than one type

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6
Q

Viscerocranium
aka
forms what?
consits of?

A

Facial skeleton, and forms from the anterior part of the cranium and consists of the bones surrounding the mouth - upper and lower jaws
surrounding the nose/nasal cavity
and compromising most of the orbits (eye sockets or orbital cavities)
15 bone *

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7
Q

viscerocranium bones

A

15 irregular bones

3 singular bones centered or lying on the midline and 6 bones occuring as bilateral pairs

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8
Q

3 singular bones of viscerocranium

A

mandible
ethmoid
vomer

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9
Q

6 paired bones/bilateral pairs in the viscerocranium

A 
Maxillae
inferior nasal conchae 
zygomatic 
palatine
nasal
lacrimal
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10
Q

bones in the viscerocranium mainly develop how

A

develop in the MESENCHYME OF THE EMBRYONIC PHARYNGEAL ARCHES

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11
Q

antatomical position of the skull

A

with reference to the orbitomeatal plane / frankfort plane
in anatomical position when the inferior margin of the orbit and the superior margin of the external acoustic meatus are in the SAME HORIZONTAL PLANE

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12
Q

superior view of skull - what do you see

A

four bones

one paired parietal R/L and the frontal bone (anterior) and the occipital lobe (posterior)

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13
Q

superior view of skull features

A 
Coronal Suture 
sagital/ interparietal suture 
Lamboidal suture 
Bregma
Lambda
Frontal Eminence
Parietal Eminence
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14
Q

Coronal Suture

A

separates the frontal anteriorly from the parietal lobes posteriorly

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15
Q

Sagital suture

A

separates the L/R parietal lobes

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16
Q

Lambdoidal suture

A

separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobes (anterior) and the temporal bones (lateral)

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17
Q

Bregma

A

landmark that represents where the sagittal and coronal sutures comes together

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18
Q

Lambda

A

landmark where the sagittal and lambdoidal suture meet

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19
Q

frontal eminences

A

anterior corners of the forehead/on frontal lobe and represent the initial site of ossification of the frontal bone

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20
Q

Parietal eminences

A

prominence seen on the parietal lobe also representing the initiation site of ossification in these parietalbones
these are POSTERIORLATERAL BULGES

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21
Q

Posterior View Features

A

Sagittal suture (barely visible -but seen)

Lambdoidal suture

Lambda- where the sutures come together of the sagittal and lambdoidal

External occipital protrubence

Occipital condyles

Superior and Inferior nuchal line - areas of attachment for some neck and back muscles

mastoid process

styloid process

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22
Q

External occipital protrubence

A

most posterior aspect in the posterior view of the skull - coming out

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23
Q

Occipital condyles

A

seen on the posterior view of the skull - these are articulating points - so likely smooth for articulation purposes

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24
Q

Superior and Inferior nuchal line

A

attachment site for some neck and back muscles - help with skull movements

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25
Mastoid process
seen on the posterior view of the skull - this is where the sternocleodomastoid connects
26
bones visible in posterior view
occipital, parietal, temporal
27
metopic suture
the frontal bone develops from two membranous ossification centers at the future sites of the frontal eminences during the seventh fetal week - at birth the right and left temporal bones are present and separated by a midline metopic or interfrontal suture suture begins to fuse during first year of like and is usually gone by 6 years old - however remnants may remain and this is known as a metopic suture
28
bones in the frontal/anterior view of the skull
look at your notes
29
zygomatic region and keystone feature | what three bones and where support the arch
keyston of the zygomatic arch is the diamond-shaped zygomatic bone the MAXILLA SUPPORTS ANTERIORLY THE FRONTAL BONE SUPPORTS SUPERIOLY THE TEMPORAL BONE SUPPORTS POSTERIORLY
30
zygomaticofacial forament
centrally located on the prominence of the zygomatic bone and transmits the zygomaticofacial vessels and nerve
31
bones of the orbit in frontal view
``` frontal spenoid zygomatic maxilla lacrimal ethmoid palantine ```
32
superior wall of orbital mainly made from
orbital part of the frontal bone - but near the apex - it is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
33
each orbital has...
four walls and an apex
34
medial wall of orbit?
formed mainly from the ethmoid bone but also has contributions from the frontal, lacrimal, and palantine bones
35
inferior wall of the orbit
inferior wall/ floor mainly made from maxilla and partly by the zygomatic and palatine bones.
36
lateral wall of orbit
mainly made from the frontal process of the zygomatic bone and the GREATER WING OF THE SPHENOID
37
lateral walls of the two orbits are..?
nearly perpendicular to each other
38
supraorbital notch/foramen
located directly above the medial third of the superior margin and transmits the supraorbital vessels and nerve
39
infraorbital foramen
is about 7-8mm below the midpoint of the inferior margin. it communicates posteriorly with the infra-orbital canal and groove in the floor of the orbit anf also transmits infraorbital vessels and nerves
40
superior orbital fissure
location of the extra occular eye muscles so CN III, IV, VI, and V1
41
inferior orbital fissure
V2 and infraorbital vessels
42
optic canal
Opthalamic artery and CN II - optic nerve
43
Anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen
location of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery, and vein remember this is on the medial wall of the orbit
44
intraorbital abscess
a rare complication after a maxillary molar extraction - the orbit can be prone to infection due to its anatomical proximity to the maxillary sinus - adjacent to the floor of the orbit OPTHALAMIC MANIFESTATION OF A DENTAL ABSCESS the floor of the orbit and the roof of the maxillary sinus are in close proximity could see clinically as an swollen or inflammation of the eye after an extraction in a maxillary molar
45
facial or anterior surface of maxilla
helps form the upper face
46
orbital surface of maxilla
this is the superior aspect and it forms the floor of the orbit
47
nasal or medial surface of the maxilla
forms the bulk of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
48
infratemporal / posterior surface of maxilla
forms the anterior wall of the infratemporal region | extends into the temporal region posteriorly
49
maxilla processes
named based upon what they are attaching to
50
Frontal process of maxilla
bar of bone that projects upward from the anterosuperior aspect to contact the frontal bone above
51
alveolar process of the maxilla
forms the sockets and supporting bone for the maxillary teeth
52
zygomatic process of maxilla
on the lateral aspect and is the buttressing maxillary contribution to the zygomatic arch
53
palatal process of the maxilla
this is a horizontal shelf projecting from the medial aspect of the maxilla toward the midline and its opposite counterpart HELPS FORM THE ROOF OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND FLOOR OF THE NASAL CAVITY
54
infraorbital foramen on maxilla
opens onto the facial surface about 7mm below the midpoint of the inferior orbital margin. it is the mouth of the infraorbital canal and trasmits to the face the infraorbital nerves and vessels
55
anterior nasal spine of maxilla
sharp midline anterior projection of the inferior nasal border
56
incisive fossa of maxilla
depressoin overlying the maxillary incisor roots
57
canine ridge of maxilla
prounounced, elongated elevation of alveolar bone overlying the large maxillary canine root
58
canine fossa of maxilla
concavity distal to the canine ridge overlying the maxillary premolar roots extends upward to the infraorbital foramen site of injection for local anesthesia of the premolar maxillary teeth
59
nasolacrimal sulcus
anterior to the maxillary hiatus and runs in a vertical direction along with the lacrimal bone it forms the the nasolacrimal canal, which transports tears from the orbit to the nasal cavity why when we cry our nose runs too because this is a connection to the nasal cavity
60
Internal View of the cranial fossa
Anterior Middle Posterior
61
T/F the parietal bone is apart of the cranial fossa
NO - not on the base
62
Anterior Cranial Fossa
Frontal and Ethmoid bone
63
Middle Cranial Fossa
Temporal and sphenoid bone
64
Posterior cranial fossa
Occipital and part of temporal
65
lateral view cranial vault region
includes forehead and temporal region
66
Facial region in the lateral view
includes the zygomatic, orbital, and nasal regions
67
infratemporal region | - General
COVERED by the RAMUS OF THE MANDIBLE
68
Infratemporal region importance
A lot of nerves and vessels and fibers going through this region and also another site of injection - critical to dentistry in understanding this region
69
bones visible in the lateral view
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid= GREATER WINGS = paired process of a single bone), Lacrimal, zygomatic, ethmoid, mandible, maxillae (paired), nasal bones
70
temporal lines
selected feature in the lateral view Superior and Inferior two curved lines that arch upward and backward from the zygomatic process of the frontal bone and travel acorss the frontal one and parietal bone, then recurve downward and forward on the parietal bone to end inferiorrly on the temporal bone represent the superior limit of the curved origin of the temporalis muscle - attaching for muscles of mastication
71
Pterion
anthropological landmark named for the H - shaped junction of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones on the LATERAL ASPECT OF THE CRANIAL VAULT - IT IS THE WEAKEST PART OF THE SKULL AND VESSEL UNDERNEATH IS AT RISK
72
temporal fossa
slightly depressed area on the anterolateral aspect of the skull that is inferior to the temporal lines. It is filled in by the temporalis muscle
73
forming the posterior root of the zygomatic arch?
the zygomatic process of the temporal bone | - this is a long slender forward projecting making this posterior root of the zygomtic arch
74
external auditory meatus
also called canal- of the temporal bone and forms the entrance of the middle ear within the temporal bone
75
external occipital protrubance - in the lateral view aka
inion - occupies the central aspect of the occipital bone
76
Styloid process in lateral view
sharp and slender process that angles inferiorly, medially, and anteriorly provides attachment for a number of different muscles and two ligaments
77
vaginal process of the temporal bone
portion of the tympanic plate that wraps itself around the base of the styloid process like a scroll
78
mastoid process in the lateral view
lump of bone immediately posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus it serves as part as the insertion of the sternomastoid muscle

Anatomy Module III (7 decks)

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