FORELIMB Flashcards
What is the intertubericular groove?
intertubercular groove (bicipital groove) is located between the greater and lesser tubercles on the cranioproximal part of the humerus
Where is the deltoid tuberosity
In the middle of the humerus
What is the supratrochelear foramen?
The supratrochlear foramen is a small hole located above the trochlea of the humerus of larger dog species
What is the anconeal process
small projection of bone on the ulna, the longer of the two bones of the forearm
What is the trochlear notch?
curvature of the proximal ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
What is the lateral coronoid process?
from the anconeal process to the lateral part the distal end of trochlear notch. It articulates with condyle of humerus
What is the antebrachium?
The antebrachium is the term used for the segment of the forelimb between the elbow and wrist joint
How do the number of bones in the carpus change in each species
Human, pigs: 8
Horse: 7 or 8 (presence or absence of first carpal bone)
Carnivores: 7 (fusion of radial and intermediate carpal bones)
Ruminant: 6 (first carpal bone is missing and II and III are fused)
What are the different bones in the carpal joint
Proximal row: (ALWAYS THERE)
Radial carpal bone
Intermediate carpal bone
Ulnar carpal bone
Accessory carpal bone
DISTAL ROW: (LOSE AND FUSE)
First carpal bone
Second carpal bone
Third carpal bone
Fourth carpal bone
What muscles extend shoulder
Supraspinous
What muscles extend the shoulder?
Supraspinous
Subscapularis
Trapezius
Latissiumus dorsi
What muscles flex the shoulder?
Infraspinous
Deltoid
Teres major
What muscles extend the elbow
triceps brachii muscle
What muscles flex the elbow?
biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis.
What are the extensors of the carpus?
Extensor carpi radialis
Ulnaris lateralis
Extensor carpi obliquus
What muscles extend the digits?
Common Digital Extensor
Lateral Digital Extensor
What muscles flex the carpus?
-flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnarlis
What muscles flex the digits?
-superficial digital flexor
-deep digital flexor
What muscles extend the digits
common digital extensor
lateral digital extensor
What are the intrinsic muscles on the lateral side of the forelimb
Deltoids
• Subscapularis
• Triceps
What are the extrinsic muscles on the lateral side of the forelimb?
Trapezius
• Brachiocephalicus
• Omotransversus
What is the function of the teres major muscle?
Flexes the shoulder joint
What are the different ligaments in the shoulder and what do they do?
the glenohumeral ligaments
Thixkenings of joint capsule —> no other joimts
Where are the collateral ligaments and what do they do?
In elbow joint
Limit rotation when elbow is flexed
