Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NMSK > DIFFERENT TISSUE STRUCTURES > Flashcards

DIFFERENT TISSUE STRUCTURES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of neurones

A

Receive and facilitate nervous systems
Classified based on function and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of neuroglial cells

A

Supporting cells (facilitate conduction of nerve impulses, immune function, maintenance of neurones_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What neuroglial cells are in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligodenrocytes
Microglial cells
Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What neuroglial cells are in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells
Satellite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

Mechanical and structural support
Supports and connects the various parts of the body
Separates tissues and organs
Protection
Fat storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the structure, function and example of loose connective tissue?

A

Less elastin and collagen
More cells and ground substance
Less rigid and more easily distorted

Examples; in blood vessels, nerves, kidney, liver

Function: loose packing, support, nourishment to associated structures, tissue sliding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Composed of a variable structure of cells and fibers surrounded by an extracellular matrix that may be a fluid, solid, or gel, depending on the function of the particular connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is structure, function and examples of dense connective tissue?

A

a higher proportion of fibres like collagen and elastin
•fewer cells.
•less ground substance in the extracellular matrix.

Examples; tendon, ligament, cornea of the eye, arteries

Function; tensile strength and stretch resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of cartilaginous tissues?

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are cells in cartilage called?

A

chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the matrix of cartilaginous tissue made up of?

A

type II collagen, glycoproteins and water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is cartilage more flexible than bone?

A

It doesn’t contain calcium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Lamellar (compact) bone
•Trabecular (spongy) bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of bones like?

A

Collagen network – tensile strength.
•Crystalline – compressive strength.
•Bone cells – maintenance of bone.
- calcium phosphate to make it extra strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the specialised liquid tissue

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

A

Cells
Collagen fibres
Ground substance (specialised proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you classify connective tissue into sub groups?

A

The non living extra cellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the ECM consist of?

A

Collagen and elastin fibres
Ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of the ECM

A

Protect and supports cells
Changes cell behaviour in response to environment
Used in cell to cell communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some components of the ground substance

A

Hyaluronic acid
Proteoglycan m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the different suffixes mean in terms of matrix?
- blasts
- cytes
- coasts

A

Create matrix
Maintain matrix
Breaks down matrix for remodelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of a fat cell?

A

Adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Compare a fibrous ECM with a liquid ECM and how that affects the structure?

A

In fibrous ECM, the content is different to that of a liquid ECM. In a liquid ECM there is no collagen. Collagen fibres give the tissue its strength and is flexible, therefore cells aren’t as compact together. The fibrous connective tissue is able to withstand lots of tension due to this. The majority of the ECM is made of water, for example blood, so is more able to pass through through cardiovascular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Draw what bone tissue looks like
On one note
26
What is adipose connective tissue/
It is a connective tissue that is very specialized. It is comprised mainly of adipocytes i.e cells rich in lipid content whose main function is to conserve energy in the form of lipids. Its function is for the collection and storage of fat for the metabolism of energy in the form of triglycerides. It is also called body fat and can be present all over the body like under the skin, between the muscles, etc.
27
Draw the structure of fatty tissue
On one note.
28
What is reticular connective tissue formed from and where is it?
Reticular fibres (type III collagen) —> forms lymph nodes and spleen Elastic fibres —> invertebrate disks
29
What is the function of fibroblasts?
Secrete collagen for matrix of tissues
30
What is the function of brown adipose tissue?
To maintain heat
31
What is the function of white adipose tissue?
Energy store
32
What is the structure and function of adipose tissue?
Little ECM surrounding cells Cells full of liquid Function; packaging, protection, insulation
33
What are the 4 types of tissue?
Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle
34
What does nerve tissue consist of?
Neurones Neuroglial cells
35
What are the five different types of connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Bone Blood Cartilage
36
What is connective tissue developed from4
Mesenchymal tissues
37
What is a fibroblast
A type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue They secrete the extra cellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and elastin
38
What are the ground substances in connective tissue?
- GAG (glycoaminoglycans) Such as hydralautic acid - proteoglycans - glycoproteins
39
What are GAGs and where are they found?
GAGs are polysaccharides that trap water, giving the ground substance a gel-like texture. With the exception of hyaluronic acid, GAGs are bound to proteins called proteoglycans. Glycoproteins are proteins that attach components of the ground substance to one another and to the surfaces of cells
40
What are collagen fibres like?
Crimp arrangement Makes them strong and for tension
41
Where are collagen fibres found?
Tendon, fascia, capsules, cartilage, bone
42
How far can elastic fibres stretch?
Up to 150%
43
Where would you find elastic fibres?
Capsules Lung Arteries
44
What is the stroma of a tissue
Stroma is the part of a tissue or organ with a structural or connective role. It is made up of all the parts without specific functions of the organ - for example, connective tissue, blood vessels, ducts
45
What is the parenchyma of a tissue?
parenchyma of an organ consists of that tissue which conducts the specific function of the organ. An organ's parenchyma usually comprises the bulk of the organ.
46
Where do you find reticular fibres?
Part of the stroma Liver Kidney Spleen Lymph nodes
47
What are the main amino acids in collagen?
Glycine Proline Hydroxyproline Hydroxylysine
48
What is the structure of collagen link
Triple helix
49
What is the benefit of having Lysyl oxidase in collagen?
Enzyme which catalyses hydroxylysine Forms cross links between elastin and collagen fibres, extra strength
50
Where do you find type 1 collagen?
Skin tendons Organs Scar tissue Artery walls Cornea Fibrocartilage
51
Where do you find type 2 collagen?
Hyaline cartilage
52
Where do you find type III collagen/
Reticular fibres (in organ stroma)
53
Where do you find type IV collagen fibres?
Basal laminate, eye lens, filtration system of capillaries and glomerula
54
Where do you find type V collagen fibres?
Interstitial tissue Placenta
55
What is the function of interstitial fluid?
Transport of small molecules between cells and blood supply
56
What are some examples of GAG
hyaluronic acid Chrondatin sulphate Keratin sulphate
57
What are GAGs
Unbranched polysaccharide chains Huge molecules that occupy a large amount of space Highly negatively charged due to sulphites or carboxylates
58
What do GAGs do
Attract positive cations (Na+ and K+) Attract water and push it back out for compressive effecf
59
What are the clinical uses of GAGs
Reduces inflammation Enhances function
60
What is the function of hyaluronic acid?
Resists compression; Major part of hyaline cartilage and synovial fluid In skin Tissue repair Facilitates cell migration and proliferation
61
What are the function of glycoproteins
Binds together fibres, cells and ground substances Cell to cell interactions
62
What is laminin
Major protein in basal lamina
63
What is basal lamina?
Basal laminas are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that in epithelia underlie the epithelial cells and separate them from the adjoining stroma
64
What is a fibronectin and its function?
Glycoprotein Cell adhesion, growth Would healing Embryonic development
65
What is the structure of loose connective tissue like?
Interstitial Provides some support but lets blood vessels and nerves do what they want
66
Which dense connective tissue have randomly ordered fibres?
Sclera (white of eyes) Skin
67
Which dense connective tissue has parallel ordered bundles?
Tendons Ligaments
68
What is the structure of a tendon/ ligament like?
Parallel collagen fibres Surrounded by peritenon Fibrocytes/ tenocytes
69
What collagen type does tendon have
Type 1
70
What collagen type does ligaments have
3
71
What is the composition of tendon have
65-80% dollagen 2% elastin 1-5% proteoglycans
72
What is the function of glycoaminoflycams
Bind to collagen to make a mesh network Binds to water for compressive force resistant
73
What are the main GAGs
Chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate Decorin, biglycan, versican Heparin Keratan sulphate
74
What is a proteoglycsn
Several GAGs joined to a core protein Core proteins are then joined to a hyaluronan to make large netwoek
75
What is the function of large proteoglycsns
Attracts cations Attracts water Compressive force
76
What do small glycoproteins do
Binds to ECM molecules like collagen to form crosslinks Tensile factors Binds growth factors
77
What is COMP, where is it and its functions
An extra cellular glycoprotein In tendons and ligaments •Resists load. •Binds fibrillar collagen. •Helps in forming fibrils. •Organises collagen networ

NMSK (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions