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Certified Sommelier > Fortified wines > Flashcards

Fortified wines Flashcards

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1
Q

Port map

A
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2
Q

Where is Port made?

A

Douro DOP

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3
Q

What are the subregions of Douro DOP?

A

Cima Corgo
Baixo Corgo
Douro Superior

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4
Q

Madeira map

A
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5
Q

Where is Madeira and what is the capital city?

A

Island off the coast of North Africa
Funchal is the main city

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6
Q

Sherry map

A
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7
Q

Where is Sherry locatied and what are the main regions to know?

A

Southwest Spain (Andalucia)
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry
Sanlucar de Barrameda on the coast

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8
Q

Marsala map

A
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9
Q

Where is Marsala located?

A

Western tip of Sicily

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10
Q

What wine regions in France make fortified wines?

A

Roussillon - Banyuls AOP

Southern Rhone - Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOP

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11
Q

What grape is used in Muscat de Beaumes de Venise?

A

Moscat

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12
Q

What grape is used in Banyul?

A

Grenache

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13
Q

What region in Australia makes fortified wines?

A

Rutherglen, Victoria

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14
Q

What grape is used in fortified wines from Rutherglen?

A

Muscant

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15
Q

What regions in South Africa make fortified wines?

A

Klein Karoo
Western Cape

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16
Q

What grape is used in fortified wines from Klein Karoo?

A

Muscat de Frontignan
Muscat a Petits Grains

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17
Q

What is the geography/climate/soil of Madeira?

A

Mountainous hillside topography
Hot subtropical climate
Volcanic soil

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18
Q

What grapes are used in Madeira?

A

Sercial
Verdhelho
Bual
Malmsey
Tinta Negra (only red grape, low quality)

19
Q

What is the geography/climate/soil of Port?

A

Mountainous hillside
Warm to hot Mediterranean
Schist soil

20
Q

What grape is used in Port?

A

Touriga Nacional

21
Q

What is the geography/climate/soils of Sherry?

A

Close proximity to Atlantic
Hot maritime
Albariza (chalk), Barros (clay), and Arenas (sand)

22
Q

What grapes are used in Sherry?

A

Palomino
Moscatel
Pedro Jimenez

23
Q

At what part of the winemaking process is port fortified?

A

During fermentation

24
Q

At what part of the winemaking process is Maderia fortified?

A

During fermentation
Oxidized
Exposed to heat

25
Q

When are sweeter styles of Madeira fortified?

A

Closer to the begining of fermentation

26
Q

What is estufagem in the Maderia winemaking process?

A

HEATING THE WINE.

Depends on the quantity being produced there are differed methods

Most basic is Armazem de Calor - involved placing the fortified base wines in containers in rooms that are heated to 113 F for six months or more.

For high quality/fine Maderias the Canteiro process is used whereby containers are placed in warehouse attic which build up tremendous heat from the sun. They may be left there for 20yrs or more.

27
Q

When is Sherry fortified?

A

After fermentation
Oxidized

28
Q

What is “flor” (Sherry)?

A
  • Layer of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) cells that for naturally and float on the surfave of manzanilla and fino Sherries as they age in the cask.
  • Flor prevents oxidation and contributes to a unique flavor of the wine.
29
Q

What is the difference between biological aging and oxidative aging?

A

Biological aging dries out the wine more, results in a lighter body sand 14-16% alcohol. HAS FLOR.

Oxidative aging DOES NOT HAVE FLOR and results in a 17-18% alcohol wine.

30
Q
A
31
Q

Solera system diagram for Sherry

A
32
Q

What does “Late Bottled Vintage” (LBV) mean on a Port label?

A

Wine from a single year
Matured in oak vats for 4-6 yrs
Intended to be consumer upon release

33
Q

What does “Vintage Port” mean on a label?

A
  • Rarest and most expensive Port
  • From single year’s harvest and ONLY IN BEST VINTAGES.
  • Vintage declared at descretion of producer
  • Must be approved by Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto
  • Must be bottled by July 30th of the 3rd yr after harvest and aged for many years (up to decades)
34
Q

What does “Single Quinta Vintage” mean on a Port label?

A
  • Variation of vintage port
  • Produced from the grapes of a specific estate or vineyard
  • ie: Dow’s Quinta do Bomfim
35
Q

What is Villa Nova de Gaia?

A
  • Town where dozens of lodges for storing and aging Port are located.
  • Superior location for aging Port given high humidity and cooler temps.
36
Q

What is Ruby Port?

A

Simplest Port
Aged for 2 yrs before release
Bright fruity, youthful, aromas

37
Q

What is Tawny Port?

A
  • Aged longer than Ruby so color is a bit darker
  • Richer, more oxidized flavors
  • Reserve Tawny Port aged for 7yrs
  • Age on label is an average of how long wines in bottle were aged in cask (10, 20, 30yrs)
38
Q

What is Colheita?

A

Single vintage Tawny Port
Aged in cask at least 7 yrs

39
Q

What are the styles of Madeira ranked from driest to sweetest?

A

Sercial
Verdelho
Bual
Malmsey

40
Q

What are the biological aging styles of Sherry (left side of diagram)

A

HAS FLOR

Manzanilla
Fino
Amontillado
Palo Cortado

41
Q

What are the oxidative styles of Sherry (right side of diagram)?

A

NO FLOR

Oloroso
Cream Sherry

42
Q

Which Ports require decanting for sediment?

A

Old Vintage
Single Quinta

43
Q

How large is a typical pour of fortified wine?

A

2 oz

44
Q

Port food pairings

A
  • Ruby port - sour cherry pie (fruity notes from Ruby Ports compliment cherry pie)
  • LBV - Queijo da Serra (Portugese cheese) or dark chocolate truffle (LBV loves chocolate)
  • Taylor Fladgate Late-Bottled Vintage Port 2010 with Flourless Chocolate Cake and Fresh Raspberry Sauce (LBV loves chocolate)
  • Churchill’s Vintage Port 2003 with Royal Blue Stilton Cheese by Long Clawson Dairy (buttery, tangy ingredients help highlight vintage Port)
  • Graham’s 20-Year-Old Tawny with classic French crème brûlée (brings out nutty ingredients)

Certified Sommelier (50 decks)

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